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. This is the sum of notes and coins held by the banks to meet the demands for cash by customers and the balances held by the MFIs at the Bank of England, including mandatory reserves – see chapters 5 and 9 for further explanation of balances held at the central bank. All MFIs hold assets which can be turned into cash quickly and without loss (i.e. they are liquid) as a second
. Any payment or receipt to the BofE will lead to a corresponding change in banks’ deposits at the BofE. For example, an increase in the public’s holdings of notes and coins will cause them to be demanded from the BofE by the settlement banks and cause a consequent decrease in their deposits at the BofE. Movements in banks’ deposits can occur through
the same ruthless zeal the party had demonstrated in opposition. Something akin to a cult of personality was created around Tony Blair, based on his good looks, his attractive family, his brilliantly media-friendly personality and his almost occult sense of what the nation was feeling. Nowhere were these qualities better applied than in the aftermath of the death of Princess Diana. Using a phrase coined by Campbell, Blair delivered a moving, apparently extempore speech, mourning ‘The People’s Princess’, which perfectly expressed the mood of the nation. The film The
, these might be things you do over and above a report. Rossi et al. ( 1999 : 406) coin the term ‘secondary dissemination’ to describe the results of evaluations which might be designed to be secondary to a more formal report. This type of dissemination relies on the plethora of communication tools discussed already in this book. For example, if you maintain or contribute to a blog, consider reporting your findings there. Equally, there may be relevant professional magazines read by other research communicators to which you could contribute an article. Perhaps locally
debate with the publication of his book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge in 1999. At the start of the second chapter Wilson notes that the word was coined by the nineteenth-century polymath and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, William Whewell (whose surname is pronounced ‘you-ull’) in his 1840 book The Philosophy of the Human Sciences . The word denotes, says Wilson, ‘literally a “jumping together” [or synthesis] of knowledge by the linking of facts and fact-based theory across disciplines to create a common groundwork of explanation’ (p. 6). Whewell also
was not religious – taking a low-ranking job in the Church was at the time one of the ways an intellectual could make a living.) Sieyes was a major influence on many theorists of the time, including Say, Saint-Simon and Comte: together with his fellow revolutionary, the philosopher and mathematician Condorcet (1743–94), Sieyes had coined the terms ‘social science’ and ‘sociology’, and founded in 1793 the Journal d’instruction sociale , the first journal of social science. They intended to promote a rationalist social science as the basis for the reconstruction of
: His heart sickened to think that he had only fivepence halfpenny in the world, threepence of which couldn’t even be spent. Because how can you buy anything with a threepenny-bit. It isn’t a coin, it’s the answer to a riddle. You look such a fool when you take it out of your pocket, unless it’s in among a whole handful of other coins. ‘How much?’ you say. ‘Threepence,’ the shop-girl says. And then you feel all round your pocket and fish out that absurd little thing, all by itself, sticking on the end of your finger like a tiddley-wink. (Orwell 1983 : 577) This
treaty but a huge problem arose when Ireland rejected it 53.4% to 46.6% in a referendum in June 2008. If even one member fails to ratify the treaty, it cannot be implemented. Since then, the reform of the EU has been on hold but EU supporters hope Ireland can be persuaded to vote again and this time produce a collective ‘yes’. Box 21.3 Joining the euro The euro was launched in 1999 and in 2002 euro notes and coins were circulated. Advocates of Britain joining maintain that this would: bring Britain into the centre of decision-making; reduce the costs of currency
, as it was, by ‘Forward Not Back’, surely the most drearily anodyne slogan ever coined by a spin doctor. Gordon Brown, who had taken a back seat to Blair, was encouraged to end his ‘sulking’ and step up to the front line. Once he did, the campaign seemed to gain energy; it seemed the public appreciated the unity the two men symbolised when working together. But Blair was a master at dominating the middle ground, where most elections are won or lost ( Figure 7.1 , p. 67, shows him perfectly placed just to the right of centre in the view of voters, unlike Howard, who
of the 1970s – typified by arcade and console designs – established now familiar patterns of repetitive and progressive gameplay: gameplay designed to achieve a steady stream of coin-based replays. Clearly, the uniform characteristics of this gameplay experience were at least partially dictated by influences other than the game player preferences per se – e.g. by the economic necessities associated with the mass production of digital games. Such restrictive influences allowed little customization of the game's interface and code. However, what ultimately