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[ sic ], that are in the custody of John Shenton, hermit, and his wife, Sir John Dale then their priest. First, a coat of crimson velvet decorated with gold that my lady Gray gave, and upon it is 66 pennies, 2 gilt pennies, one gilt farthing, 2 coins of 2d, one groat, a bee (?) of silver, 2 shells of silver, a heart of silver, a mound of silver, a brooch of copper and gilt, 2 [arrow-] shafts of silver, one crystal stone enclosed
these things were confirmed by a privilege of the lord pope Innocent II. 12 In the year of the Lord 1135 twelve Genoese galleys went to Bugia and captured many Saracens there. 13 Also, they captured a large and rich ship there and brought it to Genoa. It is said that each of those galleys carried seven hundred pounds of the coin and treasure that
sometime called Oncaster or Onkaster, but he showed me no reason why. But in times past it has been a celebrate[d] town, but not walled as far as I could perceive. The building of it lay in length by south and north. In [the] south end of it be often-times found in ploughing great square stones of old buildings and Roman coins of brass and silver. In the west end of it, where now meadows be, are found in ditching great vaults
of Luni that was recently destroyed, but after this saint's body was brought there it was renamed Portovenere. Also in that time the currency of those pennies which are called bruni was invented; before that Genoese citizens used the coins of Pavia. 172 In the time of this bishop the Genoese took Cagliari and restored it to its lord, who was called Marianus; he promised
appropriate it so that you might exclude me from this office, which I cannot neglect as long as I shall live.’ Hereupon Honorius, together with his brothers, replied: ‘May Your Sublimity consider carefully and deign to remember that your most excellent providence in Christ made me equally undertake the care and defence of this see in particular and of the other churches, when Your Highness, in unison with the will of the people, appointed me your consort in the entire imperial rule 161 with every power and honour, in every charter and coin, in every decree, with your
tumult time hath brought’). 25 Iubesque super tumulum … condere luctum, epitafium scilicet more priorum lacrimis inrorare. The phrase condere luctum seems to have been coined by Radbert (cf. VA c. 2: epitaphia … condiderunt ) and is explained by the equally unusual epitafium scilicet … lacrimis inrorare (cf. VA c. 3: lacrymis abluere sepulturam ). Condere here is used in its secondary sense of ‘to compose or write’, so that the phrase condere luctum here extends beyond merely ‘perform lamentations’ to mean something like ‘leave a written record of our
simply mindless destruction by an illiterate peasantry, but betrayed an element of premeditation and purpose in its challenge to seignorial jurisdiction. 23 The pivotal position of the king in relation to ‘popular’ concepts and activities is equally noteworthy and suggests an acceptance of the quasi-divine royal characteristics that were displayed on coins, seals and other royal
King’s Lynn , Records of Economic and Social History, new series, IX, Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 1984, pp. 242 (a), 247–8 (b), (c). Latin, transl. by the editor. Reproduced by permission of the British Academy. (a) Thomas de Holbeach, taverner Coin 70 s ; silver £ 10; 17 silver cups
, ‘spectacular’. Population growth was so strong that before 1300 several cities had to limit immigration from the countryside. Guilds proliferated as specialised groups of producers came together. The use and stock of money expanded enormously as mints multiplied in number and issued new coins which became the standard units of international trade. Ports – Pisa, Venice, Genoa – developed their maritime trade
models, in Normandy after the viking settlement of the early tenth century. 15 Foreign contacts can be established thanks to the finds of coin hoards both in Normandy, where the hoard of Fécamp (980–85) discovered in 1963 and comprising over 9000 coins is the best known, and in England, Scandinavia, Ireland and the European continent as far away as Russia. 16 The spread of coins minted in