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Cai features a growing number of gambling facilities and clubs now outlawed in adjacent China. Also evident are services catering to cross-border traffic of local and long-distance nature, including auto repair, brokerage, accommodation and restaurants. 6.1 Emerging borderlands of China and South East Asia. Lao Cai and Hekou
that emerge as processes of industrial upgrading in the so-called Global South – and especially in East Asian economies – give rise to one of the most persistent and wide-ranging commodity supercycles in recent history. These distinct yet interrelated world-historical transformations, as this chapter shows, have brought together natural resources and built environments, as well
No struggle for social justice that lacks a grounded understanding of how wealth is accumulated within society, and by whom, is ever likely to make more than a marginal dent in the status quo. Much work has been done over the years by academics and activists to illuminate the broad processes of wealth extraction. But a constantly watchful eye is essential if new forms of financial extraction are to be blocked, short-circuited, deflected or unsettled. So when the World Bank and other well-known enablers of wealth extraction start to organise to promote greater private-sector involvement in ‘infrastructure’, for example through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), alarm bells should start to ring. How are roads, bridges, hospitals, ports and railways being eyed up by finance? What bevels and polishes the lens through which they are viewed? How is infrastructure being transformed into an ‘asset class’ that will yield the returns now demanded by investors? Why now? What does the reconfiguration of infrastructure tell us about the vulnerabilities of capital? The challenge is not only to understand the mechanisms through which infrastructure is being reconfigured to extract wealth: equally important is to think through how activists might best respond. What oppositional strategies genuinely unsettle elite power instead of making it stronger?
conventional border zones and their territoriality, spectacularisation and agency in Mediterranean borderscapes, border trauma in narratives of the Finnish–Russian border, and discursive and lived representations of and responses to China's borderlands policy with its South-East Asian neighbours, the part opens up new ways of addressing borders and borderscapes in different social, historical and cultural contexts. In Chapter 3 , Holger Pötzsch examines the problem of territoriality and borders in the digital age through an investigation of the
identities forms the foundations for the modern spa. Though the use of hot springs is embedded in many global cultures, especially in East Asia, the focus of this work will be on the commercially developed western spa model. Originating on the west coast of the USA in the 1940s, the popularity of the modern spa drew from a range of cultural shifts (Erfurt-Cooper and Cooper, 2009). Firstly, while European spa medicine had been practiced for centuries, the counter-cultural revolution of the 1960s brought with it a more critical take on conventional medicine and an increased
Times , this made Semakau Landfill ‘probably the largest off-shore dumping ground in South-east Asia’ (Lee, 1989 : 20), and is in fact the first man-made offshore landfill created mostly out of sea space (Chia, 2019 ). Figure 17
“expatriate” are regularly employed in conjunction with each other in accounts of late colonial life’, especially in reference to ‘British gentlemen who, after prolonged exposure to the tropical climates of South or South East Asia, suffer from world-weariness, alienation and alcoholism’. Scholarship, too, deploys expatriate to denote colonial and postcolonial white migrants, as evidenced by Smiley's ( 2013:2015 ) work on the segregation of Dar es Salaam ‘into European/Expatriate, Asian, and African areas’. Others use expatriate specifically for (semi-)temporary white
new country, otherwise it would feel like a step back. We compare our experiences in and impressions of various South East Asian countries. Michelle says that Thailand felt like a Club Med. André adds that Phnom Pen has changed so much, the area where all the tourists used to stay has been torn down. Then Michelle talks about her ‘crazy trip’ up north to Lake Turkana. (field notes, 1 June 2016) Like luxury commodities or food on a menu, places – cities, countries or continents
2019). Yang , N. ( 2004 ). Disease prevention, social mobilization and spatial politics: The anti germ-warfare incident of 1952 and the ‘Patriotic Health Campaign’ . The Chinese Historical Review , 11 ( 2 ): 155–82 . Yu , X. ( 2010 ). The treatment of night soil and waste in modern China . In Q. Liang , A. Ki , C. Leung and C. Furth (eds) , Health and hygiene in Chinese East Asia: Policies and publics in the long twentieth century , 51–72 . Durham, NC : Duke University Press . Zhou , X. , and Zhou , C. ( 2018 ). Cesuo geming zai
of restructuring. The costs and risks of restructuring are passed like a hot potato between different agencies, and risk-sharing, whether between firms for technological development, or between banks and firms for investment, or between groups of employees in consultation practices, is inhibited. Indeed, even in the context of a single management team, the process of individualisation results in a number of competing interpretations of global competition. During the East Asian crisis, for example, purchasing managers reported a competitive advantage in the low cost