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Eurosclerosis (1959– 84) and the second phase of integration (1985– 2003)
ministers installed by Franco believed ‘the solution to all of Spain’s problems lay in its full integration into Western capitalism.’ 58 These religious technocrats began to push Spain towards Europe in economic matters even before the fall of the Franco regime and its transition to democracy. Franco’s death in 1975 allowed these elites, who had already sought membership in the European Communities in March 1962, to make a pacted transition from the previous regime, thus securing accession to Europe. 59 Within this process, ‘Memories of high numbers of victims on both