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particular. A central mechanism, exhibited in Gerald’s works as well, situates key places in Ireland, but ensures that the Gaelic Irish themselves have no agency, cannot maintain control and are unable to manage the landscape; rather, Ireland and Irish purgatorial spaces are offered to those who are aligned with and act on behalf of Christian Europe, especially England, in its many forms. Here these lessons are worked out in terms of the Church and reform rather than in the more explicit terms of
of deibide verse describes the territories of the northern half of Ireland, and Ó hUidhrín later contributes 792 lines (also deibide ) covering the southern half of Ireland. Though they write almost 200 years after the English invasion of Ireland, both poets completely erase all evidence of English presence, colonial conquest and the dispossession of Gaelic Irish families from ancestral lands—their verbalized topographies depict Irish families in control of territories that were by then the
-Saxon England (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012). 18 Patrick Wormald, ‘Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Kingship: Some Further Thoughts’, in Sources of Anglo-Saxon Culture , ed. Paul Szarmach (Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, 1986), pp. 151–83; Bart Jaski, Early Irish Kingship and Succession (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2000); Katherine Simms, From Kings to Warlords: The Changing Political Structure of Gaelic Ireland in the Later Middle Ages (Woodbridge: Boydell, 1987). 19 eDIL , s.v. febas . See Jaski’s overview of febas , which he describes as