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University Press, 2013). Chibnall, M. (ed.), The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis , 6 vols (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968–80). Cubitt, C., ‘Pastoral care and religious belief’, in P. Stafford (ed.), A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland c. 500 – c. 1100 (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009), pp. 395–413. Cubitt, C., ‘Review article: the tenth-century Benedictine reform in England’, Early Medieval Europe 6 (1997), 77–94. Cubitt, C., ‘The institutional Church’, in P. Stafford (ed.), A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain
, by the early thirteenth century the Scandinavian polities (perhaps with the exception of Iceland) were beginning to resemble those of the rest of northern Europe in terms of dynastic monarchies, an institutional Church and the increasing use of the written word in the exercise of government. 30 We can also think about governmentality in terms of the exercise of power and authority at a regional and local level. Whereas state formation was a process only really just beginning during the period covered by this volume, the structures of governance and
attended the council of 839, as did the bishops of four other southern sees, suggesting at first sight that the institutional Church was not overly disrupted by the upheaval these cities experienced in the eighth century. However, this consideration needs to be tempered somewhat by the fact that many sees were lost altogether in the aftermath of 711, and the Andalusi Church had nothing like the structural complexity of its Visigothic progenitor: it had also, of course, ceased to be a legitimizing agent of the state. In the north, the Church could have had no such