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This collection of chapters provides the most comprehensive study of the theory and practice on the contribution of international organisations and non-State actors to the formation of customary international law. It offers new practical and theoretical perspectives on one of the most complex questions about the making of international law, namely the possibility that actors other than states contribute to the making of customary international law. Notwithstanding the completion by the International Law Commission of its work on the identification of customary international law, the making of customary international law remains riddled with acute practical and theoretical controversies which have been left unresolved and which continue to be intensively debated in both practice and scholarship. Making extensively reference to the case-law of international law courts and tribunals as well as the practice of treaty-monitoring bodies while also engaging with the most recent scholarly work on customary international law, this new volume provides innovative tools and guidance to legal scholars, researchers in law, law students, lecturers in law, practitioners, legal advisers, judges, arbitrators, and counsels as well as tools to address contemporary questions of international law-making.
not have minds of their own like natural persons since States are institutions consisting of various organs and actors. However, these criticisms overlook the role of fiction in international legal practice. This section takes issue with the anthropomorphism of the doctrine of customary international law, and more specifically the fiction this anthropomorphic pattern is built on. This is the fiction according to which States may have positions which can be described as ‘thoughts’ or ‘intention’. In doing so, this section will show how such legal fiction impacts the
Notwithstanding this cautionary view, the epistemic force and determinative influence of the activities of non-governmental organisations; the constitutive and generative contribution of these activities to international legal practice, strengthen non-governmental organizations’ contribution to customary international lawmaking. Non-governmental organisations remain subject to access and other restrictions, but their increasing status and rights within States and in international law is such that the merit of their contribution to the much-needed re-orientation of