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or elaboration of plot, just as school life unfolds itself without a “plot” in the novelist’s sense of the word’. 50 Its importance here lies in its essential message of reconciliation through the ultimate identification of both school and hero with manly images and the imperial cause. The message for the reader is unambiguous – Irish Catholicism can successfully adjust to Australian loyalty to
improve land holdings gave rise to important demographic and cultural changes: restricted opportunities for marriage and changes in inheritance patterns were underpinned by a new puritanism in matters of sexual morality. Native Irish-speakers had either perished or left the country and Irish Catholicism lost the remnants of an easy-going Gaelicism which had not attempted to regulate
devotional revolution in Ireland, 1850–1875’, American Historical Review , 77 (1972), pp. 625–52, reprinted in Emmet Larkin, The Historical Dimensions of Irish Catholicism (Dublin, 1997 ), pp. 57–89. 39 Shipboard diary of Jane Findlayson, 1876, ATL, MS
its part, the state’s anxiety about Loreto, and other Catholic orders in India, was not so much about the education they offered as about Irish Catholicism itself. Before the 1850s, over one-third of the East India Company army consisted of Irish Catholic soldiers, with many of them only able to speak Irish Gaelic and, therefore, requiring their own Gaelic-speaking Roman Catholic chaplains. By 1880
community “Patrick” and by the other “Alfred” had been settled’. 37 As the street was known as Patrick Street in all the official documents, ‘Alfred Street’ clearly embodied a pointed ethnic, and presumably politically inspired, objection by some residents to the use of a name with connotations of Irish Catholicism and – in their view – disloyalty. Naming appears in this
: Irish Catholicism in Early Colonial New South Wales’, in P. O’Sullivan (ed.), The Irish World Wide. Volume 5 Religion and Identity (London and New York, 1996), pp. 25–42. 5 I. Breward, A History of the Churches in Australasia (Oxford, 2001), p. 68; K. Inglis, Australian Colonists: An
Protestants came to terms with the altered political landscape left behind by constitutional reform and the politicisation of Irish Catholicism. Some, like Benjamin Cronyn, responded to Catholic emancipation and Irish Church reform by abandoning Ireland altogether. 149 Others stayed put and tried to reconstruct Protestantism as both a political and missionary force. Politically, this rejuvenation embraced new