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the Clara Barton Birthplace Museum ( Washington Post , 1921 ). Outside of the United States, too, the idea of a historical Red Cross museum found some followers. In Europe, an individual collector from Salzburg, Austria, curated a museum dedicated to humanitarian rescue missions, in 1929, and in Japan, a Red Cross museum opened its doors some years later. Unlike their American role model, both museums had only a marginal impact, however. The Japanese museum opened only temporarily for
a third never tell anyone about their experience ( McCleary-Sills et al. , 2016 : 225). A 2018 study on health and justice service responses in Northern Uganda confirmed that South Sudanese refugee survivors of sexual and gender-based violence and torture knew of the reporting system but at times questioned the effectiveness of the process ( Liebling et al. , 2020 ). Similarly, the Japan International Cooperation Agency Research Institute’s (JICA-RI) research on the
experienced this, and some have dared to describe this blindness. One was Jack London, the famous American writer sent to Korea to cover the Russo-Japanese war in 1904, who wrote, confused, of ‘black moving specks’, the ‘hubbub’, in short, ‘a war of ghosts’ (quoted in Audouin-Rouzeau, 2008 : 244). And when Le Figaro sent special correspondent Tanguy Berthemet to Sévaré (Mali) as France began its 2013 military operation (Operation Serval), he reported: ‘There is a war in
appears humane. Technology then is not anti-human. It is the only thing that might save us. A point made by the scientist Richard Gatling, who, trying to justify his invention of the gun, noted: ‘If war was made more terrible, it would have a tendency to keep peace among the nations of the earth.’ The same redemptive narrative would be promulgated by those responsible for the atrocious nuclear assault on Japan, in 1945. The tragedy, however, is that the more we seek to regulate or civilise violence by giving ourselves over to the technological account of human
.acordinternational.org/silo/files/conflict-and-gender-study--south-sudan.pdf (accessed 17 June 2021 ). Hutchinson , S. E. ( 1996 ), Nuer Dilemmas: Coping with Money, War, and the State ( Berkeley, CA : University of California Press ). JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) ( 2017 ), Country Gender Profile Republic of South Sudan Final Report , www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/thematic_issues/gender/background/c8h0vm0000anjqj6-att/south_sudan_2017.pdf (accessed 22 August 2021 ). Jok , J. M. ( 1999 ), ‘ Militarism, Gender and Reproductive Suffering: The Case of Abortion in Western Dinka
Technologies in Disaster Settings: The Case of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake ’, in O’Hagan , M. and Zhang , Q. (eds), Conflict and Communication: A Changing Asia in a Globalising World ( New York : Nova Science Publishers ), 169 – 94 . Cadwell , P
The book explores the relationship between violence against women on one hand, and the rights to health and reproductive health on the other. It argues that violation of the right to health is a consequence of violence, and that (state) health policies might be a cause of – or create the conditions for – violence against women. It significantly contributes to feminist and international human rights legal scholarship by conceptualising a new ground-breaking idea, violence against women’s health (VAWH), using the Hippocratic paradigm as the backbone of the analysis. The two dimensions of violence at the core of the book – the horizontal, ‘interpersonal’ dimension and the vertical ‘state policies’ dimension – are investigated through around 70 decisions of domestic, regional and international judicial or quasi-judicial bodies (the anamnesis). The concept of VAWH, drawn from the anamnesis, enriches the traditional concept of violence against women with a human rights-based approach to autonomy and a reflection on the pervasiveness of patterns of discrimination (diagnosis). VAWH as theorised in the book allows the reconceptualisation of states’ obligations in an innovative way, by identifying for both dimensions obligations of result, due diligence obligations, and obligations to progressively take steps (treatment). The book eventually asks whether it is not international law itself that is the ultimate cause of VAWH (prognosis).
conditional contraband – which was, of course, another means of broadening the contraband exception. 4 Germany joined this trend. 5 Conditional contraband entered fully into state practice in 1898, with the promulgation by the United States of separate absolute and conditional contraband lists for the Spanish–American War. Japan did the same in 1904, in the Russo-Japanese War (although
which satisfied the traditional concept, while any other condition of active hostilities came to be described as an armed conflict 7 – a term which is now in general use for all conflicts. As may be seen from the conflict between China and Japan beginning with the invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and the widening of hostilities thereafter, even before the outbreak of World War II there were conflicts in
In The Bridge on the River Kwai (David Lean, UK, 1957), whose action takes place during the Second World War, British soldiers are captured by the Japanese army, the occupying power of Burma at the time. Colonel Saito plans to construct a bridge that would be decisive for the army’s communications. He wants all the detained prisoners, soldiers and officers alike, to participate in the construction of the bridge. In a scene taking place in the middle of the prisoners’ camp, in full view, the head of the contingent of British prisoners, Lieutenant Colonel