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relocated from the United States to China, Brazil, North Africa, Turkey, and Japan. In this highly competitive market for denim and jeans, Japanese manufacturers have survived against the odds. Anti-establishment street fashion also spread throughout Japan in the 1960s. As the demand for traditional cotton kimonos fell, many manufacturers switched to the production of denim and jeans. In the early 1970s, local manufacturers like Kaihara moved from producing traditional fabrics to making denim. Kaihara was established in 1893 by Sukejiro Kaihara as a weaver of indigo
struggle, seven big kingdoms were left. They continued to battle for another 200 or so years before the Qin finally managed to eliminate the rest and rose to establish the unified Middle Kingdom in 221 BC. Historians label this era the ‘Warring States’ period (475–221 BC); it returned to haunt China in the early twentieth century. Warlord rule and feuding were complicated by the struggle between the GMD and CCP; and it was further compounded by the Japanese invasion in 1931. Although the anti-Japanese banner was able to bring warlords and the Communists under the flag of
and the Qing regime as they had to pay for the indemnities after the Sino-French War of 1884–1885, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895, and the Boxer Rebellion, which was brutally suppressed by the so-called Eight Country Allied Army in 1900. This lesson studies these wars waged on and in China. It begins by looking at the situation outside of China’s borders, in the country’s wider sphere of influence in Southeast and Northeast Asia, before returning to see how the ‘scramble for China’ unfolded inside the country and heralded the end of the Qing dynasty’s Mandate of
Ten Lessons tells the story of modern China from the eve of the First Opium War to the Xi Jinping era. This was a most turbulent period of time as the Middle Kingdom was torn apart by opium, Christianity, modernisation, imperialists, nationalists, warlords and the Japanese, and as China reinvented and reasserted itself on the world stage in the post-Mao era. Unlike the handful of existing textbooks, which narrate without primary sources and without engaging with academic debate, Ten Lessons is devoted to students, from university to high school, as it uses extensive primary sources to tell the story of modern China and introduces them to scholarship and debates in the field of Chinese history and beyond. This will help students understand the real issues involved, navigate their way through the maze of existing literature and undertake independent research for essays and dissertations. The book also points out gaps and inadequacies in the existing scholarship, to encourage postgraduate studies. It is ‘mental furniture’ for the increasing army of journalists, NGO workers, diplomats, government officials, businesspeople and travellers of all kinds, who often need a good source of background information before they head to China.
virtues of the Communist Party. The former professor of philosophy has no time for what she calls revisionists trying to take from the victory of the revolution and is especially critical of Japan and the United States. I am of the generation that fought to make new China. For more than one hundred years the Western countries humiliated us, attacked us and stole from us. Then Japan took advantage of us at our weakest point. They did terrible things to us, you have heard about Nanjing, but they did that everywhere. We fought them, defeated them and
rivalries and a rapid descent into pessimism. The crisis first hit the capitalist countries of the West. But it soon affected the East as well and pulled Asian powers into the international turmoil. The Chinese empire, already traumatized by internal strife, was badly shaken by World War I, and broke into civil war. Japan, by contrast, was strengthened by wars in Europe and China – war in Europe stimulated Japan’s industries because Western demand for war materiel expanded Japanese trade and made Japan a wealthier and stronger nation; war in Asia stimulated Japan’s
have generated a good amount of literature; this lesson will help students navigate the growing body of scholarship. The Wuchang Uprising 2 The idea of a constitutional monarchy began to gain ground in the aftermath of the Russo-Japanese War of 1905. The Qing court even went so far as to send abroad a delegation consisting of ministers and members of the ruling Aixin Juero clan to learn about it. After visiting the United States, Germany, Russia, Japan, Britain and France, they presented a report to Empress Dowager Cixi and recommended a
national—gained a good deal of currency. Retailers and brands had to fight tooth and nail to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Some of the mill’s up-market customers in Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States started to view ‘Britishness’ as a means for enhancing the prestige of their brands. In the new global order, there was a certain irony to the fact that nationhood and place-specific identities came to be important tropes in international branding. In a way, traditional motifs and stories emerged as cultural anchors to help customers
to look after the bees, even at times allowing him to tend to them on his own. Eventually Holmes tells the boy another story of his past. In 1947, just after the end of the war, Holmes was invited to visit Japan by Tamiki Umezaki (Hiroyuki Sanada), whose father, a Japanese diplomat and great admirer of Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes stories, became a spy for and remained in England, never returning to his family in Japan. The film shows Holmes during this visit again demonstrating keen psychological insight into another person. Although this man professes to be a
from the Italians, starting with imports into West Germany. 10 Abraham Moon and Sons was already on the export bandwagon under the management of Arthur Walsh. Sales to Canada, France and the United States continued to grow, with ‘favourable comments on the new ranges from Germany and France and also from home customers such as Burtons’. 11 The company’s German agent, George Portland, was making headway among makers-up and retail brands in West Germany. Japan began to show an interest in woollens from Netherfield Mill. The American Ivy League style