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design education was seen as essential for the development of Britain’s design- and craft-related industries. It is important to stress, however, that demands for artistic education came from a number of sources, many of which were unconnected with industry or government.2 For many in the upper middle classes, art education formed a central part of liberal education. It was also regarded as an important polite art, especially for ladies, to be pursued as part of a sophisticated leisured lifestyle. Thus some of the earliest art schools were developed not in industrial
that the architect should have a liberal education, should have a taste in architecture improved by foreign travel and, above all, should be ‘eminent in design and invention’, he is unequivocal that: I scarce know of any in England who have had an education regularly designed for the Profession; Bricklayers, Carpenters, &c. all commence Architects; especially in and about London, where there go but few Rules to the building of a City-House.24 This perception of the city house as the product of an unfettered building industry –with all of the implied deficiencies