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transition from the first to the second book is clearly marked, the same hand continues the text halfway down the page (f. 62r). Whether the first book ever circulated on its own is anybody’s guess. The chapter headings used in modern editions were added by the Epitaphium ’s first editor, Jean Mabillon (1632–1707). 14 In the manuscript itself the text runs continuously, and is structured only by a change of interlocutor, indicated by the first letter of their name. This is only the case with the main participants in the confabulation, three in each book. The additional
( OED ). 47 A tablet of gold, silver, ivory etc., with a projecting handle, depicting the crucifixion or other sacred subject, which is kissed by the celebrating priest and then by the other participants at a mass ( OED ). 48 A fine cloth
with the joy of the awareness [p. 60] that we have known and had among us such a great man, about whom we do not fear to rejoice to God. And let us be on guard not to be intimidated by any slanders; for in our time even men of high standing speak against the good, such that no one can escape unscathed. HERE ENDS THE FIRST BOOK OF THE EPITAPH OF ARSENIUS 1 The title of the text in the manuscript of the Epitaphium Arsenii (BnF lat. 13909) does not mention that it is the first book that follows, nor does the text itself have chapters; the participants in the
sanctioned (by the testimony of three witnesses, as it were), 4 and so that our lament will not be found different even in the number of participants. Therefore, brother, since it was your idea that we should start all over again, it should be your responsibility to choose our companion in this task. Adeodatus: Although I am scarcely capable of discerning judgement, as a devoted follower of your commands I will not refuse what you ask. For with reason we are not looking for a philosopher for our lament, but for one of those whose pious remembrance or emotion will move
neighbourhood body has the appearance of having predated (and perhaps by a long period) the more or less systematic organisation of the urban constitution in the thirteenth century [ 52 ], [ 53 ]. Even after their incorporation within the civic structure, these elements of street and neighbourhood culture would continue to have great importance both for their participants and for the everyday running of the
. Parishes, neighbourhoods and crafts, together with more informal friendship groups, each had a role. All of these manifested themselves in ritual and festive contexts which simultaneously offered a focus for holidays and dignified the events together with their participants. The mayor of Bristol’s gifts of ale to the city’s crafts which held a festival at Midsummer at once honoured the workers and presented
not only to the citizens but to yourselves, who also enjoy the same liberties as are held by our burgesses in that town and are participants in scot and lot [i.e. are assessed for tax] with them, and the successful completion of this ditch could be of great utility and profit ( multum possit utilis et fructuosa ) in so far as it affects you along
shoemakers. This section of the drama illustrates the potential of the civic plays, not merely to teach or to entertain but to provoke both participants and audience to reflect critically on the prevailing values of urban society and on the part which they should play within it. D. Mills (ed.), The Chester Mystery Cycle , East Lansing: Colleagues Press, 1992, pp. 245–7. English
, those – the great majority of the urban population – who were excluded from the franchise and yet compelled to obey the laws and pay the taxes imposed by government had every reason to feel the resentment of the exploited. The political control by the citizen elite over the disempowered majority may be seen as a conflict of classes. 16 At least some participants in civic disturbances during the period
be their traditional ‘liberties’ and ‘rights’. The significant outcome of such disputes was a heightened sense, amongst protesters, of their collective political identity. 12 Official accounts and clerical histories which record such incidents tend to characterise their participants as irrational and chaotic. 13 The evidence, however, suggests that, on the