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Victorian medical men could suffer numerous setbacks on their individual paths to professionalisation, and Thomas Elkanah Hoyle's career offers a telling exemplar. This book addresses a range of the financial, professional, and personal challenges that faced and sometimes defeated the aspiring medical men of England and Wales. Spanning the decades 1780-1890, from the publication of the first medical directory to the second Medical Registration Act, it considers their careers in England and Wales, and in the Indian Medical Service. The book questions the existing picture of broad and rising medical prosperity across the nineteenth century to consider the men who did not keep up with professionalising trends. Financial difficulty was widespread in medical practice, and while there are only a few who underwent bankruptcy or insolvency identified among medical suicides, the fear of financial failure could prove a powerful motive for self-destruction. The book unpicks the life stories of men such as Henry Edwards, who could not sustain a professional persona of disinterested expertise. In doing so it uncovers the trials of the medical marketplace and the pressures of medical masculinity. The book also considers charges against practitioners that entailed their neglect, incompetence or questionable practice which occasioned a threat to patients' lives. The occurrence and reporting of violent crime by medical men, specifically serious sexual assault and murder is also discussed. A tiny proportion of medical practitioners also experienced life as a patient in an asylum.
Fairfax and the English Revolution (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007), pp. 54–62; I. Pells, ‘The military career, religious and political thought of Philip Skippon, c. 1598– 1660’ (PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge, 2014), p. 135; M. Wanklyn, ‘Choosing officers for the New Model Army, February to April 1645’, Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, 92 (2014), 112, 120–1. 5 CJ, IV, p. 76; G. Davies, ‘The parliamentary army under the Earl of Essex, 1642–45’, English Historical Review, 49 (1934), 45–6. 6 CJ, IV, p. 81; BL, Thomason E
was at its height: 19 Jules Verne's Cinq cents millions de la Bégum (1880), Camille Flammarion's Uranie (1889), and William Morris's News from Nowhere (1890). Morris's novel is now widely recognised as an important contribution to English social and political thought, but has rarely been studied in relation to health and disease. The two French novels have also received little critical attention in relation to this topic, particularly Flammarion's Uranie , which has not been the focus of any sustained analysis
military and one that could help heal divisions between ministers. The split between Protesters and Resolutioners in the 1650s did not discourage ministers from working together on issues of common concern. While the plight of the prisoners was an issue that pre-dated the split within the Kirk, it represented a topic where Protesters and Resolutioners could coexist and interact throughout the first half of the 1650s. Loose coalitions of ministers – whose opinions encompassed the full range of political thought within the Kirk – mobilised themselves around organising
terminology and potent metaphors to further a specific ‘image’ of the problem.28 To quote George Lakoff: ‘[b]ecause so much of our social and political reasoning makes use of this system of metaphorical concepts, any adequate appreciation of even the most mundane social and political thought requires an understanding of this system’.29 As Donald Schön wrote, problem-setting, or the extension of a particular view of a social problem, is just as important in policymaking, than problem- solving, if not more important. Particular framings of social issues that serve the
. 135–51. 7 I. McBride, Eighteenth-Century Ireland: The Isle of Slaves (Dublin, 2009). 8 D. Park, ‘Locke and Berkeley on the Molyneux Problem’, Journal of the History of Ideas , 30 (1969), pp. 253–60; P. Kelly, ‘William Molyneux and the spirit of liberty in eighteenth-century Ireland’, Eighteenth-Century Ireland: Iris An Dá Chultur (hereafter ECI ), 3 (1988), pp. 133–48; J. Livesey, ‘The Dublin Society in eighteenth-century Irish political thought
), 714–27, quoted in G. S. Jones, Outcast London: A Study in the Relationship between Classes in Victorian Society (New York, NY: Pantheon, 1984), pp. 288–9. 50 G. R. Searle, The Quest for National Efficiency: A Study in British Politics and British Political Thought, 1899–1914 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1971). 51
Insolvency, pp. 88–93. 70 Medical misadventure 4 D.M. Evans, Facts, Failures, and Frauds: Revelations Financial Mercantile Criminal (Groombridge: London, 1859); T.L. Alborn, ‘The moral of the failed bank: professional plots in the Victorian money market’, Victorian Studies 38:2 (1995), pp. 199–226. 5 S. Collini, ‘The idea of “character” in Victorian political thought’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 35 (1985), pp. 29–50, on p. 40. 6 H. Goodman, ‘“Madness and Masculinity”: Male Patients in London Asylums and Victorian Culture’, in T. Knowles and S
, CA: University of California Press, 1984), p. 55. 11 A.O. Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1966), pp. 193, 198. 76 FRAMING THE MORON 12 Quoted in ibid., p. 231. 13 Ibid., p. 184. 14 M.D. Biddiss, Father of Racist Ideology: The Social and Political Thought of Count Gobineau (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970), p. 119. See also ‘Ape- footed man’, Eugenics 1:2 (1928), 27. 15 Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being, p. 234. 16 J.W. Trent, Jr., ‘Defectives at the World’s Fair: Constructing disability in 1904
not a timeless entity but has its origins in the mid nineteenth century. It was only in the early twentieth century that the ‘social sciences’ began to achieve their most powerful form in political thought and in the government and management of individual lives via the definition of workers’ rights and the provision of welfare, educational and other ‘social’ services. This model of society united