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practices, especially when dealing with refugee children in war. Before 1945, humanitarians worked within organisations such as the Save the Children Fund, the Foster Parents Plan (PLAN), the League of Nations, Near East Relief, and the International Social Service (ISS). Many of these organisations continued after 1945, but new ones also emerged, including the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF
would have been willing to host many more evacuees. Some of the committees were in predominantly Afrikaans-speaking towns and the records show that the meetings were conducted in Afrikaans suggesting that support for evacuation was not limited to English-speaking South Africans. 42 There was also support for child migration from Europe more broadly. Several Afrikaner families offered homes to refugee children from the Netherlands or Belgium. 43 In 1940 Harry Lawrence, the Minister of the Interior, proposed an adoption scheme
humanitarian relief … from the overtly politicised development and medical aid, whose goal was to shape long-term postcolonial state-building projects’. 21 This ‘global regime’ was also reflected in the foundation in Australia of the Volunteer Graduate Scheme (1951), activism around World Refugee Year (1959) and the founding of Freedom from Hunger (1960). The Volunteer Graduate Scheme, chronicled in this volume by
Council, a 1968 UN resolution called for member states to ‘discourage the flow of immigrants, particularly skilled and technical personnel to South Africa’ and similar resolutions continued thereafter. 43 ICEM, the intergovernmental agency which facilitated migration (including the migration of refugees) from Europe was criticised in 1974 for their role in assisting migration to apartheid South Africa by the UN General Assembly Special Committee on Apartheid, although South Africa continued as a member until 1980. 44 By the late 1970
expertise in contested regions. The global conditions at the end of World War I, including the mass displacement of refugees on an unprecedented scale, the Armenian genocide and ethnic cleansing, food shortages and famines, and health crises including the influenza pandemic of 1918–19, increasingly gave rise to international, state-directed, secular and institutionalised humanitarian aid efforts. 68 The scale and gravity of post-war conditions
recruitment of skilled white labour, with a preference for British migrants. Migrants not classified as white were subject to much greater restriction, and new restrictions for those classified as ‘Indians’ by the state were introduced post-Federation in 1954. 35 As well as ending immigration quotas for British subjects in 1955, the Federal government joined the Intergovernmental Committee on European Migration (ICEM), an international organisation dating from the post-war refugee crisis that sought to coordinate migration from
[her] rights.’ 37 Najwa is a member of the postcolonial elite who later becomes a political refugee in the same metropolis she once experienced as a holiday destination. Based on this experience, she understands stability to mean fully belonging to a state which would protect her from the vicissitudes of life: ‘[a] place where we could make future plans and it wouldn’t matter
administered national and international universities and helped refugee European scholars. He was appointed secretary of LSE during the Second World War. In 1946, Adams held the first secretary position of both the IUC and the Colonial University Grants Advisory Committee, which enabled him to attend key meetings for operating the ‘Special Relations’ of the University of London. 13
Repatriation, as a process and as a practice, has become increasingly familiar in recent decades, both as a general topic of discussion in the media and as an academic research area. In the United Kingdom, for instance, among the aspects which have become prominent have been the complex of problems – practical, financial, ethical – surrounding refugees and displaced populations; the situation of illegal and/or clandestine migrants; calls for the repatriation of ancestral human remains (but also artefacts) from, for example, museum collections
number of members of the RAF and their dependants arrived as well, as wartime training schemes continued up to 1953: 637 in 1947, 2,444 in 1948. Official Southern Rhodesian statistics usually included members of the RAF and their dependants in their accounting of arriving immigrants, perhaps because many did remain in Southern Rhodesia. See Ian Smith Papers, 1/78/002, Memorandum on Immigration, 23 July 1954. 62 Using the case of Polish refugees sent to Southern Rhodesia during the Second