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reconstruction and development in the Balkans. In addition, the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, a framework for building co-operation and peace in the region, has gained prominence as a vehicle for transforming the region from conflict to peace and prosperity. 1 The Stability Pact Although the Dayton Accords 2 of 14 December 1995
The European Union (EU) has emerged as an important security actor qua actor, not only in the non-traditional areas of security, but increasingly as an entity with force projection capabilities. This book investigates how the concept of security relates to or deals with different categories of threat, explores the relationship between forms of coordination among states, international institutions, and the provision of European security and the execution of security governance. It also investigates whether the EU has been effective in realising its stated security objectives and those of its member states. The book commences with a discussion on the changing nature of the European state, the changing nature and broadening of the security agenda, and the problem of security governance in the European political space. There are four functional challenges facing the EU as a security actor: the resolution of interstate conflicts, the management of intrastate conflicts, state-building endeavours, and building the institutions of civil society. The book then examines policies of prevention, particularly the pre-emption of conflict within Europe and its neighbourhood. It moves on to examine policies of assurance, particularly the problem of peace-building in south-eastern Europe. EU's peace-building or sustaining role where there has been a violent interstate or intrastate conflict, especially the origins and performance of the Stability Pact, is discussed. Finally, the book looks at the policies of protection which capture the challenge of internal security.
Normative underpinnings: from Dayton to the Stability Pact Dayton agreement: democracy, human rights and multiculturalism for Bosnia? The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina , initialled in Dayton, Ohio in November 1995 and formally signed in Paris one month later, brought to an end the armed conflict and initiated a process of peace-building in Bosnia. The
Stability Pact, but also the transformation of the EU’s instruments, in the form of an increasing institutionalisation of the CSDP (see Chapter 6 ). Before examining in detail three case studies, a brief overview of the EU’s foreign policy in Bosnia during this period is in order. Despite the marginalisation suffered by the EU during the latter stages of the armed conflict (see Chapter 4 ), with the signing
to bring these countries closer within its fold through an enlargement strategy, as set out under the Stability Pact for south-eastern Europe (SP) and the Stability and Association Process (SAP). Enlargement, in this respect can thus be seen as a conflict prevention tool. Before the EU introduced a genuine regional approach entailing the prospect of enlargement, its policy approaches to the
10 An ‘all-encompassing plan’ to solve the crisis in the Eurozone? In the Eurozone, the more economically stable nations had begun efforts to develop a holistic and ‘all-encompassing plan’. At a meeting held on 17 January 2011, they examined a series of initiatives such as increasing EFSF funds, bringing forward the establishment of a permanent stability mechanism, reforming the Stability Pact and instituting common economic governance. Negotiations, however, did not produce any results. The European Council summit held at the beginning of February 2011 made
in the transitional administration of the city of Mostar. The biggest transformation of the EU’s foreign and security policy in Bosnia took place in the years from 1999, with the launch of the Stability Pact, the prospect of membership and the deployment of CSDP missions in the country. However, the impact of these developments on coherence and effectiveness has been mixed. Notwithstanding the EU
the flows of other kinds of potential threats across regional boundaries. However, there are a number of challenges that must be overcome, particularly in the areas of security, crime and justice. Let us take the Stability Pact as an example: ‘Initiated by the EU with strong US support and placed under the auspices of the OSCE, the Stability Pact aims to strengthen democracy, economic development and
accepting the challenge of consolidating Spanish democracy whilst at the same time bringing Spain up to the level of its European neighbours, socially, economically and politically. European integra- The PSOE and social democracy 9 tion provided the fundamental framework for this transformation, ranging from the industrial reforms required to allow Spain to be accepted as a member, to the constraints provided by the Maastricht convergence criteria, and, subsequently, the Growth and Stability Pact. Socialist transformation was side-lined. The party’s frequently
Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR), the European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO), the Rapid Reaction Mechanism (RRM), and the Committee (funding) for Asia and Latin America (ALA) are located in the Commission. Similarly, the core institutional developments found in the policies of assurance are the Stabilisation and Association Process (SAP) and the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, both of