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This chapter deals with the use of force in the related fields of international terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. It discusses in the first place to what extent the notion of self-defence, as it has emerged in the previous chapter, adequately protects States against international terrorism. On the basis of the rules on attribution developed in the context of
The military coup of March 1976 in Argentina ruptured the prevailing institutional order, with the greater part of its repressive strategy built on clandestine practices and tactics (death, torture and disappearance) that sowed fear across large swathes of Argentine society. Simultaneously, the terrorist state established a parallel, de facto legal order through which it endeavoured to legitimise its actions. Among other social forces, the judicial branch played a pivotal role in this project of legitimisation. While conscious of the fact that many of those inside the justice system were also targets of oppression, I would like to argue that the dictatorship‘s approach was not to establish a new judicial authority but, rather, to build upon the existing institutional structure, remodelling it to suit its own interests and objectives. Based on an analysis of the criminal and administrative proceedings that together were known as the Case of the judicial morgue, this article aims to examine the ways in which the bodies of the detained-disappeared that entered the morgue during the dictatorship were handled, as well as the rationales and practices of the doctors and other employees who played a part in this process. Finally, it aims to reflect upon the traces left by judicial and administrative bureaucratic structures in relation to the crimes committed by the dictatorship, and on the legal strategies adopted by lawyers and the families of the victims.
://movingmindsalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mma-ecdie_standards_and_guidance.pdf (accessed 1 August 2021 ). Masten , A. S. and Narayan , A. J. ( 2012 ), ‘Child Development in the Context of Disaster, War, and Terrorism: Pathways of Risk and Resilience’ , Annual Review of Psychology , 63 , 227 – 57 . Theirworld ( 2016 ), Safe Spaces: The Urgent Need for Early Childhood Development in Emergencies and Disasters , Theirworld , https://inee.org/sites/default/files/resources/Their_World_Safe_Spaces_2016.pdf (accessed 1 August 2021 ). UNESCO ( 2018
. , 2018 ). Similar legislation on ‘anti-money laundering’ and ‘countering the finance of terrorism’ restrict the financial inclusion and digital livelihood opportunities of large numbers of refugees around the world ( UNHCR, 2020 ). Without any power to transform the impact these regulations have on exclusive digital infrastructures, digital livelihoods are left with situational workarounds. The structural problems Syrian refugees encounter in accessing digital labour
people smugglers controlling the migrant trade. ( Hopkins, 2017 ) For evidence of this claim, Hopkins repeated the details of both the incident mentioned by the December 2016 confidential Frontex report, and copy-pasted directly, maps and graphs included, from the report by Gefira (2016a) about the October 2016 rescue. She then turned to themes of criminality, terrorism and the threat of swamping: Italy will
’, in Satterthwaite , M. L. and Huckerby , J. C. (eds), Gender, National Security and Counter-Terrorism – Human Rights Perspectives ( London : Routledge ), pp. 15 – 35 . Kropiwnicki-Gruber , Z. et al. ( 2018 ), Caring for Boys Affected by Sexual
Capitalism ( London and New York : Verso . Original edition , 1999 ). BOND ( 2003 ), Joint statement by members of the International Global Security and Development Network on the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), ‘A Development Co-operations Lens on Terrorism Prevention: Key Entry Points for Action’ ( London : British Overseas NGOs for Development (BOND) ). Braidotti , R. ( 2013 ), The Posthuman ( Cambridge : Polity Press ). Brenner , R. ( 2006
, they have been under constant and targeted attack as part of the weaponisation strategy of the GoS ( Fouad et al. , 2017 ). During the peaceful uprising, anyone found to be assisting wounded demonstrators or activists was prosecuted, tortured and sometimes killed. In 2012 the GoS effectively criminalised medical neutrality through anti-terrorism legislation that allowed prosecution of those treating demonstrators injured by government forces ( Fouad et al. , 2017 ). Doctors working in government hospitals were forced to misfile the cause of death of bodies of
some are more political – including direct interference, minders, intimidation of field teams, limiting or prohibiting access, creating real and imagined security obstacles and bureaucratic hindrances. These come from several sources: governments who do not want the depth of a crisis to be exposed, donors who do not wish to investigate deeply the impact of counter-terrorism restrictions or who expect to see ‘results’ from the money
, A. , Rutayisire , T. , Sewimfura , T. and Ngendahayo , E. ( 2010 ), ‘Psychotrauma, Healing and Reconciliation in Rwanda: The Contribution of Community-based Sociotherapy’ , African Journal of Traumatic Stress , 1 : 2 , 55 – 63 . Ross , F. C. ( 2003 ), Bearing Witness: Women and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa ( London : Pluto Press ). Rukebesha , A. ( 1985 ), Esotérisme et communication sociale ( Kigali : Editions Printer Set ). Staub , E. ( 2011 ), Overcoming Evil: Genocide, Violent Conflict and Terrorism