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5 Terrorism and extremism Since September 2001, the struggle against international jihadist terrorism all across the globe has become a defining security paradigm of the twenty-first century. Even the most remote and neglected corners of the earth have become caught up in the fight, and the African landscape is now an inescapable—and increasingly critical—part of this new security equation. Without a doubt several areas of the continent have become the new foci of African and international efforts to combat the rising tide of international jihadist and extremist
many others. Russia responds to challenges from Chechnya The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to the existence of a number of weakened successor states, and some of them were republics in the Russian Federation. The Caucasus, in the southwest area of Russia, was particularly vulnerable, and some republics became a “hotbed of terrorism.” Chechnya was the most troubled and visible of those geographic units, and the tensions within it spread to its neighbors as well. Those states also were porous ones through which drugs, organized crime, and
This book examines the underlying foundations on which the European Union's counter-terrorism and police co-operation policies have been built since the inception of the Treaty on European Union, questioning both the effectiveness and legitimacy of the EU's efforts in these two security areas. Given the importance of such developments to the wider credibility of the EU as a security actor, it adopts a more structured analysis of key stages of the implementation process. These include the establishment of objectives, both at the wider level of internal security co-operation and in terms of both counter-terrorism and policing, particularly in relation to the European Police Office, the nature of information exchange and the ‘value added’ by legislative and operational developments at the European level. The book also offers a more accurate appraisal of the official characterisation of the terrorist threat within the EU as a ‘matter of common concern’. In doing so, not only does it raise important questions about the utility of the European level for organising internal security co-operation, but it also provides a more comprehensive assessment of the EU's activities throughout the lifetime of the Third Pillar, placing in a wide and realistic context the EU's reaction to the events of 11 September 2001 and the greater prominence of Islamist terrorism.
://movingmindsalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mma-ecdie_standards_and_guidance.pdf (accessed 1 August 2021 ). Masten , A. S. and Narayan , A. J. ( 2012 ), ‘Child Development in the Context of Disaster, War, and Terrorism: Pathways of Risk and Resilience’ , Annual Review of Psychology , 63 , 227 – 57 . Theirworld ( 2016 ), Safe Spaces: The Urgent Need for Early Childhood Development in Emergencies and Disasters , Theirworld , https://inee.org/sites/default/files/resources/Their_World_Safe_Spaces_2016.pdf (accessed 1 August 2021 ). UNESCO ( 2018
. , 2018 ). Similar legislation on ‘anti-money laundering’ and ‘countering the finance of terrorism’ restrict the financial inclusion and digital livelihood opportunities of large numbers of refugees around the world ( UNHCR, 2020 ). Without any power to transform the impact these regulations have on exclusive digital infrastructures, digital livelihoods are left with situational workarounds. The structural problems Syrian refugees encounter in accessing digital labour
people smugglers controlling the migrant trade. ( Hopkins, 2017 ) For evidence of this claim, Hopkins repeated the details of both the incident mentioned by the December 2016 confidential Frontex report, and copy-pasted directly, maps and graphs included, from the report by Gefira (2016a) about the October 2016 rescue. She then turned to themes of criminality, terrorism and the threat of swamping: Italy will
’, in Satterthwaite , M. L. and Huckerby , J. C. (eds), Gender, National Security and Counter-Terrorism – Human Rights Perspectives ( London : Routledge ), pp. 15 – 35 . Kropiwnicki-Gruber , Z. et al. ( 2018 ), Caring for Boys Affected by Sexual
Capitalism ( London and New York : Verso . Original edition , 1999 ). BOND ( 2003 ), Joint statement by members of the International Global Security and Development Network on the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), ‘A Development Co-operations Lens on Terrorism Prevention: Key Entry Points for Action’ ( London : British Overseas NGOs for Development (BOND) ). Braidotti , R. ( 2013 ), The Posthuman ( Cambridge : Polity Press ). Brenner , R. ( 2006
, they have been under constant and targeted attack as part of the weaponisation strategy of the GoS ( Fouad et al. , 2017 ). During the peaceful uprising, anyone found to be assisting wounded demonstrators or activists was prosecuted, tortured and sometimes killed. In 2012 the GoS effectively criminalised medical neutrality through anti-terrorism legislation that allowed prosecution of those treating demonstrators injured by government forces ( Fouad et al. , 2017 ). Doctors working in government hospitals were forced to misfile the cause of death of bodies of
some are more political – including direct interference, minders, intimidation of field teams, limiting or prohibiting access, creating real and imagined security obstacles and bureaucratic hindrances. These come from several sources: governments who do not want the depth of a crisis to be exposed, donors who do not wish to investigate deeply the impact of counter-terrorism restrictions or who expect to see ‘results’ from the money