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. For instance, the Treaty of Verdun, agreed in August 843, divided the Frankish Empire into three kingdoms among the surviving sons of the Emperor Louis the Pious – Charles the Bald, Louis the German, and Lothar I. The issues at stake centred not only on the division of the realm but also on the reparation of damages suffered during the war. Contemporaries report that a commission of the leading men
rights, including the well-known Treaty of Verdun or the partition of the English kingdom between Edmund Ironside and Cnut of 1016, both of which Henry or at least some of his ecclesiastical advisers could reasonably be expected to have known about. 64 Gerald of Wales certainly thought that Henry had assembled all those skilled in law, in addition to the wisest of men, to the meeting where the case
subsequent redress, or lack of, could leave supporters feeling aggrieved is evident from Nithard’s comment on the negotiations leading up to the first division of the Frankish empire in the Treaty of Verdun in 843. In the final chapter of the Histories , Nithard wrote that everywhere ‘dissension and struggle abound’. 59 As argued by Janet Nelson, Nithard’s pessimistic view was likely coloured by his own