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start. 7 Lucky for Charles was the death of his brother at the age of nineteen on 4 December 771. Charles now had his own as well as his brother’s share of Pippin’s inheritance: monarchia . Further territorial acquisitions between 771 and c. 800 resulted in a realm ( regnum ) 1,200,000 km 2 in extent. The conjuncture of the realm’s expanded size and the dynasty’s extension during the reigns of Charles (768–814) and his sole surviving adult heir Louis (814–40) created new intra-dynastic conflicts. In 843, with the Treaty of Verdun, a partition into three realms