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eugenics, race, and public health at a time of heightened anxieties over Britain as a degenerating ‘C3’ nation. 10 This chapter is about bodies of colour, of bodies saturated with radiation and visualised as literally ‘photogenic’ (light-generating). The words ‘radiant’, ‘glowing’, and ‘bronzed’ remain part of everyday language to describe suntan, they are now naturalised and normalised descriptors, but during the early twentieth
about bodily difference, racial degeneration and eugenics into its glassy centre. For men and women who read Sandow’s Magazine, and who attended the classes in the School, an umbilical connection was established between the bodies of Greek sculpture, and the ‘[m]anly beauty and muscular strength’ 107 ideal British body. And visitors to the Palace who looked at Greek sculpture might likewise be encouraged by what they saw to take up physical culture. Art and eugenics can work together as ‘mutually reinforcing mechanisms disciplining the body’; Greek art on show in
include evidence of policies and practices premised on a politics of eugenics, integral historically to colonising logics and practices. These practices in different national contexts, were accompanied by detailed evidence and documentation, including drawings, images, and photographs, which show the people who were segregated, detained, and at times annihilated. The biopolitical nature of the coercive policies and actions of state schemes that politicise life 1 result, in some cases, in a ‘social death’, in others in a ‘slow death’ of targeted populations, and in
might be espoused by fascists and are easily assimilated by regimes that are fascist. Equally, Winter draws on the work of French theorists of physical culture. Indeed, he adapts his training programme from that of another doctor, Maurice Boigey, Chief Medical Officer at the military training centre of Joinville. Boigey’s ideas were certainly not beyond reproach; his Physiologie générale de l’éducation physique, the work to which Winter refers, contains a chapter on eugenics.18 In her study of French masculinity, Joan Tumblety has found that Boigey was one of a number
Saleeby, initially involved in the Eugenics Education Society (f. 1907), acted as chairman for the National Birthrate Commission during the First World War and created the Sunlight League in 1924 under the patronage of Queen Alexandra. 126 Saleeby’s aim was to banish what he termed the ‘diseases of darkness’ – rickets, tuberculosis, alcoholism, depression, and suicide – primarily through smoke
, conservative artists and critics condemned the representation of the deformed in modern art and defended the integrity of the body, their position grounded on debates ongoing since the end of the nineteenth century on degeneracy and eugenics, now backed by the contemporary cult of the healthy body. In this context, a speech delivered in 1901 by Kaiser Wilhelm II, ‘Die wahre Kunst’, which condemned the portrayal of extreme ADAMOWICZ 9781526131140 PRINT (4 col).indd 102 31/01/2019 16:06 hybrid bodies ( ii ): the grotesque 103 images of human deformity and called for
not want to gaze on her own portrait in her own home’. Soon I was beginning to wish I hadn’t read the biographies and the commentaries, as I learned about her tendencies to patriotism and imperialism, her interest in eugenics, her somewhat anti-Arab Zionism, her Western arrogance with regard to Indian women in her campaigns with them. And her personality – excessive ‘confidence in her own judgment’, a ‘difficult colleague’, ‘inflexibility’, ‘lack of warmth’, a certain puritanism. (And – obviously on a different level of importance – her terrible dress sense, and
critics. Tariff reform, compulsory military service, the Boy Scout movement, state-assisted emigration, eugenics and, more broadly, the concept of social imperialism were promoted as means of rebuilding Britain’s resolve and national character. 34 The dominions were also concerned with the condition of their own national fabrics during this period. Imperial defence, military reform and compulsory military
of medication, starvation, or a combination of the two.’ Melvyn Conroy, Nazi Eugenics: Precursors, Policy, Aftermath (New York: Columbia University Press, 2017) , p. 180. See also Nikolaus Wachsmann, Hitler’s Prisons: Legal Terror in Nazi Germany (New Haven, CT: Yale University, Press, 2015) , p. 312. 86 Zürn, The Man of Jasmine , p. 74. ‘Als sollte das die Erinnerung an eine Abtreibung oder an eine Sterilisierung sein.’ Zürn, ‘Der Mann im Jasmin’, p
example of arrested brain development in which the individual did not completely transition from a lower evolutionary state. This theory offered an explanation for defective biological structures and led to further ideas on arrested development. Galton’s theories on the inheritance of abilities, along with Haeckel’s recapitulation theory, influenced Ellis’ explorations in the field of eugenics. Ellis positioned human beings on the axis between horizontal quadrupeds and vertical bipeds. The ape was classified as an imperfect biped with quadrupedal attitudes, while