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. Framed in a flow of investments that had stopped being unidirectional to become bidirectional, and a foreign policy of strong south–south relationships, 49 in 2015 Brazil consolidated its autonomous position by presenting an alternative legal instrument to BITs. After a twelve-year process of negotiation, the directorate of the Ministry of Foreign Trade of the Ministry of Development
Echaide in this volume. 82 Henry Shue , Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and US Foreign Policy ( Princeton University Press 1996 ) 9 , 167 , 169 ; Samantha Besson , “The Allocation of
foreign-policy ‘pillar’ with possible integration of defence policies in the future. The ‘Partnership for Peace’ programme of the NATO alliance embraces such traditionally neutral countries as Sweden and Switzerland. Historical perspective, however, must lead to instant suspicions of any claims of the death of neutrality. Twice in the twentieth century, the obituaries proved false. Perhaps the single greatest lesson of
will we be concerned, save incidentally, with the foreign policies of neutral states, such as Sweden or Switzerland. The book is not designed only for lawyers. It does not pretend or attempt to be a treatise on the substantive law of neutrality. Instead, it will be a look at the general forces which have shaped the law over the centuries, beginning in the Middle Ages and continuing to the present day. No prior legal knowledge
The book explores the relationship between violence against women on one hand, and the rights to health and reproductive health on the other. It argues that violation of the right to health is a consequence of violence, and that (state) health policies might be a cause of – or create the conditions for – violence against women. It significantly contributes to feminist and international human rights legal scholarship by conceptualising a new ground-breaking idea, violence against women’s health (VAWH), using the Hippocratic paradigm as the backbone of the analysis. The two dimensions of violence at the core of the book – the horizontal, ‘interpersonal’ dimension and the vertical ‘state policies’ dimension – are investigated through around 70 decisions of domestic, regional and international judicial or quasi-judicial bodies (the anamnesis). The concept of VAWH, drawn from the anamnesis, enriches the traditional concept of violence against women with a human rights-based approach to autonomy and a reflection on the pervasiveness of patterns of discrimination (diagnosis). VAWH as theorised in the book allows the reconceptualisation of states’ obligations in an innovative way, by identifying for both dimensions obligations of result, due diligence obligations, and obligations to progressively take steps (treatment). The book eventually asks whether it is not international law itself that is the ultimate cause of VAWH (prognosis).
assess how non-governmental organisations contribute to and influence the identification, formation, and application of customary international law norms, the chapter surveys relevant non-governmental organisation activities and how they interface with customary international lawmaking, by defending, solidifying, and crystallising customary international law norms; as well as the growing reliance of States, as well as other international actors and institutions, on non-governmental organisations for information gathering, reviewing foreign policy, and triggering the
regions. 83 In this context, it seems logical that the law of the Charter is far from being highlighted. Beyond this cinematic illustration, several scholars have pointed out the links that have historically and on several occasions bound the Pentagon and Hollywood. 84 During the Second World War, a close cooperation established with the film studios resulted in a cinematographic production closely associated with Washington’s foreign policy. 85 One can also recall a meeting that took place a few weeks after the 9/11 attacks, between major cinema producers and the
In some cases the justification for the assertion of jurisdiction lies in the effects within a state’s territory of acts performed outside that territory – the ‘effects’ doctrine. In other cases the justification lies in the implementation of a state’s foreign policy or some other such political aim. 26 In the following examination of selected ‘long-arm’ jurisdiction cases, these justifications
, 1963), pp. 271–5; J. Delivanis, La légitime défense en droit international public moderne (Paris, Librairie de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1971), p. 49; J. Zourek, L’interdiction de l émploi de la force en droit international (Leiden, A.W. Sijhoff, 1974), p. 96; L. Henkin, How Nations Behave. Law and Foreign Policy , 2nd edn (New York, Columbia University Press
belligerents were about to surge ahead. 1 Samuel Flagg Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1949), at 228. 2 See generally, Kaekenbeeck