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Edward’s orbit. By August 1316 Lancaster had effectively withdrawn from Edward’s council. His allegation that the king had resorted to prises and purveyance, the much-maligned forms of taxation against which the Ordainers had railed in 1311, and Edward’s continued resistance to reform of his household, provided Lancaster with the excuse to distance himself even further from the crown. 7 His correspondence with
conventions even down to the number of doormen and the width of the parliament roll (caps 20, 25). 9 Certainly by this time records reveal increasingly standardised practices, especially in summoning parliament. The warning given by writs of summons still varied widely between forty and seventy days, 10 but the forms of the writs were settled [ 14a–d ]. Individual writs were sent to the
their families. The execution of Thomas of Lancaster soon provoked a sympathetic reaction amongst the population more generally; poems [ 37a ] and other forms of artistic expression, such as wall paintings, 10 celebrating his perceived sacrifice, his saintliness and his likeness to St Thomas of Canterbury, appeared fairly speedily. Though the author of the Vita Edwardi Secundi detected a moral lesson
dominates the administrative materials for the reign. 6 The records of chancery and of parliament are available in calendared form or, in the case of the parliament rolls, in printed and online editions; the materials from the exchequer, equally voluminous, are much less available in published form and pose a daunting challenge for the historian of the reign. 7 In this volume, we have sought to present, where relevant, examples of
according to the form of the peace treaties between our ancestors and according to the form in which our ancestors did it; and your father agreed this form; and we have his letters in relation to that; and we have done it now in the same form, nor can anyone demand another form from us by right, nor do we intend to do that. And as for the fealty we are certain that we do not do it at all, nor was it asked
for the deposition confirm inadequacy rather than tyranny. Edward’s incorrigibility added further justification for removal. Throughout his reign he had faced warnings and open opposition and had heeded none. The accusations were given a deliberate legal form and the ‘indictment’ was ‘proved’ by notoriety (an established if increasingly archaic legal form). The chronicles have significant
, having become rooted, it could not easily be weeded out, those who were of the king’s council formed a plan by which the king and his barons might once more be brought together in friendship and harmony. By common consent therefore the earls, barons and other great men of the land were summoned to discuss peace, and they arrived at London with an armed force, as they feared treachery; there the king was
sale there according to the form of the ordinance, and still have not ceased hindering [them], so that they have not been in a position to bring those victuals for the sustenance of our faithful people at that city and others living there, as they wish. And they compel the said unwilling merchants and others, who want to bring such victuals to the said city, as is allowed, to hand the victuals to
. Individual truces or tributes paid by English towns and lordships to avoid attack were increasingly common and may have amounted to more than £20,000 paid by the English to Bruce at around this time. 10 An English response was needed and the work of the Lincoln parliament of January 1316 included an unusual grant of foot soldiers from each town to form the next expedition against the Scots. 11
press, they represented a key strand in the fabric of charitable giving in the Middle Ages. With so many demands on the charity of the faithful, an indulgence was a way of certifying particular individuals or projects as bona fide good causes, and worthy recipients of support. Alternatively, a hermit could seek validation for himself and his project from the secular authorities, in the form of letters of protection [ 37 ], inviting the