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Shaping and remembering an imperial city, 1870–1911
David Atkinson
,
Denis Cosgrove
, and
Anna Notaro
the hinterland, which was still organised along feudal lines. Social change was often resisted: Rome’s Jews were still confined to a ghetto and subject to oppressive restrictions until 1870, while industrial development was discouraged by a conservative Papacy, nervous of the social changes which might accompany such innovation. 14 The Vatican continued to administer global Catholicism whilst other holy orders ministered to the pilgrim faithful. Hoteliers, restaurateurs, traders and beggars survived from the