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authority does have the effect of framing interdependence in such a way as to make self-government between people necessary. Within states over time, interdependencies grow, making individual personal and political autonomy more interdependent on others than before. Even in the contemporary context of globalization, the authority of bounded states has the effect of creating multiply reiterated relations of interdependence. The
adds another exclusion mechanism that systematically prevents them from being adequately included. And this is precisely where AAI provides a compelling moral critique and points towards feasible political reform. Subjection or interdependence? David Miller's comments prompted me to clarify that affected interests cannot be included equally and that including all affected interests comes at the price of thinning out the
’s relations to self-sacrifice and divinity, and indeed to subjectivity more broadly configured. As is true of her continental colleagues, Purvis’s work is positioned as a critique of the Enlightenment implications of autonomy and independence that underpin oppositional structures like activity/passivity, autonomy/dependence. And, like Cixous, Purvis recognises that oppositional structures have relied on an illusory conceptual discreteness that denies their interdependence upon each other, and that therefore denies an understanding of relationship that is not constituted
fore. Experts are held to professional standards of scientific objectivity and neutrality. Bilateral contracting, by contrast, imposes legitimate obligations of cooperation, trust, interdependence and loyalty towards the economic interests of the mandator on the expert. The question underlying the aforementioned controversy is whether liability to a third party, in this case that of the expert to the
inevitably to the successful resolution of both individual and societal problems and, onward and upward, to ever higher levels of experience and civilization. Yet, while Dewey runs the risk, like Hegel, of being identified with a progressive evolutionary theory of history and development, unlike Hegel, he is quite explicit about positing no end point, or resting place, or final resolution. In terms of learning theory, Dewey used the concept of ‘continuity’ in order to theorize the link between existing experience and the future based on the ‘interdependence of all organic
each other in an infinite and unresolvable circularity, and it reappears as the precarious but manageable social interdependence of two communicative constructs, ego and alter. When they are reconstructed in communication, the paradoxical effects of their encounter are as it were rendered harmless. But there is a price to pay. While the paradoxes of the encounter with the other disappear, the
power of the State to directly command individuals). These two considerations will be discussed in more depth in due course, but for the time being it suffices to raise their existence and then to point out that all of this arises not as a mere epiphenomenon of global interdependence and integration, but contingently on the fact that human beings have recognised and begun to think about global governance as a thing in its own right. In other words, just as in the early modern period the State became an object of “reflected practice” in the work of those such as
they learned the ‘concrete lessons’ of their experience coordinating resources during the Great War. 20 Underlining these words on his typewriter, he emphasised that this approach must be based on ‘the interdependence of allied forces in virtually every sector of the world .’ 21 While the Anglo-French Coordinating Committee had failed to save France, Monnet’s efforts bore fruit in mobilising the American war effort. Robert Nathan, the chairman of the War Production Board’s Planning Committee, sang his praises: ‘Monnet may have been the most important single
, Rinehart and Winston , 1971 ), 123 –124 . 28 Shennan, De Gaulle , 48; F. Duchêne , Jean Monnet: The First Statesman of Interdependence ( New York : Norton , 1994 ), 146 ; Blankenhorn, Verständnis und Verständigung , 333, 11 November 1958; 385, 8 September 1960. 29 Parsons, A Certain Idea of Europe , 119. 30 Shennan, De Gaulle , 88; J. Gaffney , Political Leadership in France: From Charles de Gaulle to Nicholas Sarkozy ( Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan , 2010 ), 52 ; Mahoney, De Gaulle , 137. 31 G. Lundestad , The United States and
and scientific rationality. Within systems’ environment (Umwelt), rationality gives its defining lines as the experience of the potential where the latter interrupts associations and creates discontinuities as well as interdependences. His analysis of systems’ environment (Umwelt) leans towards an anti-Kantian rather than anti-traditional conception of the rational. With Luhmann, the divergence between Lebenswelt and Umwelt became a mainstay within the epistemological terms of the twentieth century. Systems’ rationality is a shining example of epistemology in