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from finances received for the implementation of specific projects from the UN agencies, the regional intergovernmental organisations such as the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO) and national governments. 23 In the by now complex global network through which international relief moves, the NGOs as a whole have reached the point where they ‘form the backbone of the delivery mechanism’ 24 and are in the front line of work in the field. Finally, according to much of the literature, the chief promoters of humanitarian action are
-interest. Alongside their increased participation in established international women’s organisations and new intergovernmental organisations like the League of Nations, Australians and New Zealanders drove the creation of regional bodies, which offered to those women able to travel genuine leadership opportunities and a chance to develop both their own voices and a new internationalist agenda. 15 Elsie Andrews, Amy Kane, Mary Seaton, and, significantly, the Māori leader Victoria Te Amohau Bennett in New Zealand, and Mary Bennett, Constance Cooke, Eleanor Moore, Bessie
in action. 1 This is how President Franklin Delano Roosevelt addressed the director general of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), Herbert H. Lehman, in November 1944. A leading figure in the Democrat Party and governor of the State of New York from 1933 to 1942, Lehman had been a strong supporter of the New Deal. However, he had not been given the office of director general of the intergovernmental organisation that had to take the necessary aid to the populations hit by the war ‘to start a new life’ just because
the French could accept. Several agreements were concluded in 1954 between the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and the Six. As part of these agreements, the Brussels Treaty Organisation was modified and extended. West Germany and Italy were accepted as members and a new intergovernmental organisation – the Western European Union (WEU) – was created. The agreements foresaw the termination of the occupation of West Germany and that country’s admission to NATO. As a counterbalance to the West German army, the United Kingdom agreed to station forces in the
Assembly, is the chief technical and administrative officer of WHO. He or she has numerous responsibilities and, although formally subject to the authority of the board, can exert considerable power in the selection of priorities and controversies. WHO is an intergovernmental organisation with no supra-governmental authority. It cannot execute policies which override the will of its member governments. In
support, the interwar work of the UIA was not without consequence. In 1920, the UAI’s World Congress of International Associations presented the draft convention for an intergovernmental organisation for intellectual work. The conceptualisation of this body as a ‘vast collective brain’ echoed the encyclopaedic aspects that featured so prominently in La Fontaine and Otlet’s work.111 However, the UIA’s campaign also exemplified two key dimensions of the ‘internationalisation of the intellectual field’.112 The first aspect was the support for a broadly defined constituency
emphasis on democratisation and poverty reduction. The Council of Europe in Strasbourg, founded in 1949, is an intergovernmental organisation working for ‘greater unity’ between its forty-four member states ‘for the purpose of safeguarding and realising the ideals and principles which are their common heritage and facilitating their economic and social progress’. The Committee of Ministers (composed of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs or their Permanent Representatives) is the Council’s decision-making body. The Parliamentary Assembly is the organisation’s deliberative
debate in the section devoted to the topic focused on establishing a permanent commission and the relationship it would have with participating states. There was no international model on which to pattern the commission. Intergovernmental organisations with the authority to make 119 chap5.indd 119 02/12/2009 12:15:05 States and statistics in the nineteenth century binding decisions were still beyond the horizon. The statistics system in the German Zollverein might have served as a model, except that everybody knew its organisation was very weak. A few of the
above the concerns of particular nations. The term ‘global’ is also associated with the growing importance of actors beyond governmental or intergovernmental organisations and agencies, for example the media, internationally influential foundations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and transnational corporations. 95 The work of contemporary players of ‘global’ stature such as the
employers were White British citizens. To gather a broader range of perspectives on domestic service, I also conducted a small number of interviews with relatives of domestic workers, trade union officials, and staff from ‘maid centre’ employment agencies and relevant intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) and NGOs. 80 Most interviews were conducted in Lusaka, but I also carried