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strongly influenced the discussions creating the AU were Thabo Mbeki and Olusegun Obasanjo. Mbeki was concerned that the international perception of the OAU protecting African dictators hurt its goal of achieving economic development, and he was most interested in transforming the international image of Africa in order to enhance investment and development. To do this Mbeki drew on the long history of pan-Africanism, calling on African states to conclude the work of earlier pan-Africanist movements and re-invent the African state to take its rightful place in
without the means to finance takeovers and to grow. The fourth concerns moral contamination. There has always been some moral ambiguity about financial dealing. The essence of profit in financial business is often information not available to others. Insider trading is everywhere condemned – and everywhere practised. Moreover, the need of big firms for large amounts of credit, whether for investment and development or for a takeover – has opened wide new opportunities for big profits for investment banks and others who can arrange the finance. Big profits, ever more
merits of free-market economic policy in the manner of European Conservative and Reformist MEPs. In its policy literature, ALDE states that ‘social justice is a precondition for a stable climate for investment and development’ (Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 2019 ). This undoubtedly gives the ECR group a recognisable political ‘USP’ to be the main voice of capitalism in the European Parliament. A Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) – the idea of establishing a formal trade agreement between the European Union and
-term investment and development programme for Europe. (DGB, 2012) Voluntaristic nonsense. (IG Metall leader Bertold Huber on the 14 November 2012 European Day of Action and Solidarity) Germany is the archetypal core Eurozone country. After the launch of the euro, wage moderation helped guarantee competitive advantage for the country within EMU. A number of authorities have associated this outcome with the efficacy of German sectoral bargaining (Hancké, 2013 ; Hassel, 2014 ; Johnston
, investment and development links between origin and destination countries. Indeed, involving the diaspora in development processes is yet another item of high importance on the African migration agenda. Thirdly, African countries have also demanded more assistance in tackling ‘root causes’ which act as the main ‘push factors’ for migration, 264 Policies and partnerships such as poverty, unemployment, political and economic instabilities, overpopulation and environmental degradation. To this extent, assistance in the creation of increased employment opportunities and
Du (accessed 18 April 2020). Worland , J. ( 2020 ), ‘ Answers to six key questions about the oil price collapse ’, Time , 11 March. https://bit.ly/3qOaGC4 (accessed 16 March 2020). World Bank ( 2003 ), Trade, investment, and development in the Middle East and North Africa: Engaging with the world . Washington, DC : World Bank . World Bank ( 2019 ), ‘ Labor
party ruled over the transformation of Sweden into a modern welfare state, folkhemmet (the ‘People’s Home’; see Tilton 1990:125 ff.): ‘Now, we have a similar mission. We will realise the vision of a green welfare state, and bring about 2579Ch3 12/8/03 11:47 AM Page 77 Up or down with the ecology cycle? 77 a thorough ecological modernisation of Sweden’ (SAP 1997; italics added). In its Finance Plan for 1997, the Social Democratic Cabinet stated that the transformation of Sweden into a ‘green people’s home’ means an increased demand for investments and
was ‘expediated development’, especially in the Uyghur-majority south of the region (Wei and Cuifen 2010 ). As part of this increased development, the CCP implemented a novel public–private partnership model for this area that matched municipalities outside the region in China proper with specific parts of the XUAR for investment and development projects (Jia 2010 ). This programme raised the settler colonization of the region to a new level as it also brought an influx of Han-led companies with their capital and their Han workers. As Cliff suggests, the goals of