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January 1948, p. 1. 190 ‘Suggestion to Improve Native Labour Conditions’, Rhodesia Herald , 9 April 1948, p. 11. 191 Vambe, Rhodesia to Zimbabwe , p. 245. 192 Lessing, Going Home , p. 252. 193 Granite Review , December 1942, p. 12. 194 Minutes of the 1946 RRWU Conference , p. 149. 195 ‘African Trade Unions’, RRR , November 1946, p. 3. 196 Samkange, ‘Rhodesia Labour Party’, pp. 53–90. 197 ICOMM: pp.zw.srlp. 1, Memo Re. Split SRLP from RLP, p. 1. 198 ICOMM: pp.zw.rlp.RLP.1938, Constitution, p. 2. 199 Ibid. 200 ‘The Labour Party vs
of between four per cent (French Guiana) and nine per cent (Martinique). 16 At the end of the inter-war period, as at the beginning, recourse to increased taxation flowed naturally from the overriding need to balance budgets. Labour supply Colonial governments generally regulated workers’ employment terms and labour conditions
employment of indigenous sailors on USSCo. steamers equally objectionable. Although trading from Australia or New Zealand into the Pacific could not be classed as coasting, in these trades it became the norm to maintain coasting labour conditions and, hence, white labour. In 1884 the USSCo. removed all Islander labour from ships trading between Auckland and islands in the Pacific. The
compare conditions of life and labour in this country with those obtaining in Dundee’. They reminded their Dundee audience that the Royal Commission on Labour of 1890 set up by the Government of India had found nothing wrong with labour conditions in the Calcutta mills. The IJMA presented the Calcutta mills as a great boon to the poorer classes of Bengal. ‘The Jute Mills in Bengal’, they admonished the
colonization’. 37 In stark contrast to international accusations of slavery-like recruitment and labour conditions, the official narrative was thus one about the civilising nature of work and the exemplary conditions in which it took place among an estimated 66,000 people transferred from Angola to São Tomé between 1876 and 1904. 38 Work, like religion – which was invoked in other contexts – embodied the transforming nature of the
blunders year after year as we do’. 56 Indigenous workers also influenced the course of this developing industry through demands for improved labour conditions. From the early 1900s, the USSCo., rather than the colonial state, met increasing demands for travel and food allowances to and from Suva and provided housing for men during their employment in town. In 1911 translated
, reciprocating engines and other mechanisms were often described for their technical wonder, it was unusual to read of the living and working conditions of the men who built and operated these vessels, or to see crew members in the photographs and posters of ships which instead emphasised mechanical size and scale. 37 This deflected attention from less than salutary labour conditions on board, particularly in
Kong’s labour conditions attracted the periodic attention of social reformers and manufacturing interests in Britain. In the mid-1960s, Elsie Elliott’s campaigns included visits to London to encourage parliamentary intervention. 57 David Clayton has shown that British governmental pressure was crucial in pushing the adoption of the eight-hour day for female workers in the late 1960s, and London
groups by 1900 about slave-labour conditions on the cocoa estates of two Portuguese controlled islands, Sao Thomé and Principe, off the coast of West Africa. Sao Thomé cocoa was known to be of good quality and although Cadbury’s and other cocoa manufacturers did not buy cocoa direct from the islands, a third of the cocoa from Sao Thomé was imported into England in the 1900s and
contexts of images, although I realise that it is not always possible to analyse advertising images in this way. Soap advertising enables an exploration of the soap companies’ interests in the palm oil resources of West Africa. Cocoa advertising reveals company interests in raw materials, as well as specific kinds of labour conditions. Tea marketing enables company interests in particular kinds of production