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[ 55 ]. The letter has been examined sympathetically by Cuttino and Lyman (1978), Fryde (1979) and Mortimer (2003, 2005, 2010), 8 and more sceptically by Haines (1996, 2003), Phillips (2010) and King (2016). 9 Phillips provides a full survey of the recent literature and King directly addresses Ian Mortimer’s latest argument. Despite the rumours of Edward’s survival, the normal narrative of England’s history during the Middle
generation Hariulf saw history as literature. 50 The study of rhetoric, the art of persuasion, lay at the centre of his education and he will have read the ancient historians as his training in grammar. The writing of his history was a literary exercise, where style had to match content. As such it was essential that his language should reflect the importance of his subject and in trying to convey the
response to which order the said John has done nothing and is not going to do anything; therefore she asks to be given grace and a remedy in God’s name for this, since she has nothing else to live on. 1 The reminiscence of Virginia Woolf is borrowed from Elizabeth Robertson, ‘An Anchorhold of Her Own: Female anchoritic literature in thirteenth century England’ in Equally in
. 3 For an excellent introductory survey see William Harmless, Desert Christians: An introduction to the literature of early monasticism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004). 4 The Rule of Saint Benedict in Latin and in English with Notes , edited and translated by Timothy Fry OSB (Collegeville: The Liturgical Press, 1981), 1
medieval period is usually divided up and studied today. Those who study theology, literature, and art tend to focus on the GL to the exclusion of the circumstances in which it was created: in this, Duffy is hardly unusual. 7 At the same time, historians have not generally connected medieval Genoa with great cultural achievements—unlike Florence or Venice, or even Genoa's arch-rival Pisa. For many years, especially
kind of assault on the reason, and by the urging of fear, as well as of love. … Therefore (if you are literate) you should gladly read holy literature, saints’ lives, the passions of the martyrs, devout meditations; and, from amongst all these, you should read particularly frequently whichever tends in your experience most to increase your devotion. By reading you will certainly see that, ever since the beginning
and psalms that the literate clergy would have recited. (Something similar was done for anchorites a couple of centuries earlier; compare [ 19 ].) The stand-alone texts known as the Cambridge Rule and Rule of Celestine are more elaborate [ 54 ], [ 56 ] and, though their spiritual trajectory remains comparatively low, their links to Aelred’s Rule of Life for a Recluse connect them directly with the literature of
. 24 The bishop’s legal officers. 25 The manor of Stepney was one of the bishop of London’s principal residences in the Middle Ages. 26 See C. David Benson, ‘Piers Plowman as Poetic Pillory: The Pillory and the Cross’ in Medieval Literature and Historical Inquiry
, says: Male , it says, and female he created them .” 40 The CP’s strong defense of dual-sex monasticism, rooted in the presence of women among the disciples in the Gospels, is often cited in secondary literature as an example of this sort of positive attitude toward the spiritual potential of women. 41 Many monasteries associated with Hirsau housed women alone, while others, like Petershausen, combined men and women, quartered separately, under a single abbot. Some communities, including Zwiefalten and Admont, also organized sub-communities of lay sisters
fervour of its discipline, piety and zeal’. 21 It is likely that, when Lampert composed the very lengthy eulogy of the archbishop that closes his annal for 1075 (in which he noted that Anno ‘was educated both in divine and in secular literature in the school of the church of Bamberg’), it was of his former schoolmaster that he was writing. 22 If Lampert was educated in Bamberg