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60 2 Empire, migration and the NHS The establishment and development of the NHS in the post-war period coincided with the dismantling of the British Empire. Colonial-era language or parallels have been used at times to describe the relationship between the NHS and the migrant labour it has relied on.1 However, the development of the British healthcare system and the impact and legacy of the Empire are two closely linked phenomena that historians have rarely considered together.2 The same can be said of the history of post-war migration to the UK and the
93 3 The empire of the mind and medical migration It is important, in order to understand how the NHS and British general practice were able to draw on the labour of South Asian doctors, to appreciate, as was shown in the previous chapter, how British immigration and medical registration policies remained defined by imperial legacies for much of this period. It is also crucial to appreciate that these legacies continued to shape medicine in the Indian subcontinent and the thought processes of doctors—as is apparent in their oral history interviews and in
this vein is the origin of Indian peoples. Hindutva followers lobbied for a history of India where the origins of Vedic religion (or Hinduism) are indigenous to India, going so far as to persuade the State of California to change its school history textbooks (Bose, 2008 ). This is at odds with the ‘Aryan Migration Theory’ that posits that Indo-European language speakers following an early version of Vedic religion migrated to India from the steppes of Central Asia. These opposing points of view have been contested both in scholarly publications and outside of them
Health Aspects of Labor Migration, which met to share research on the subject. 5 The UN was moved to take action a few years later, following reports of human trafficking and abusive conditions for migrant workers worldwide. The UN General Assembly in 1979 began work ‘to draft a convention on the subject of the general human rights of migrant workers and their family members in the countries of
main reasons for IVF patients seeking treatment in South Africa is the cost factor, the good price-performance ratio they find there. Clinic costs, agency fees and the compensation for donors are significantly lower than in their home country or continent. A historical perspective of today's landscape or rather multiple geographies of reproductive travels is hence indispensable. Such a historically informed perspective needs to consider, as Charis Thompson ( 2011 : 206) points out, that ‘medical migrations tend to run down well-traveled pathways
and application of international or regional treaties and policies (Batisai, 2014, 2015a, 2015b ; Batisai et al., 2010 ; International Organisation for Migration, 2009). Lesotho and Zimbabwe do not merely inherit and make these treaties and policies part of their national policy structures. Instead, the two countries, through their constitutions, call for the domestication of international policies before applying or integrating any guidelines and frameworks at national level. Domestication means that the government has the liberty to adapt the international
. ( 2012 ). Patients without borders: medical tourism and medical migration in Southern Africa . Cape Town: Southern African Migration Programme. SAMP Migration Policy. Series No. 57. Daniels , N. ( 2021 ). Obstetric risk worlds: a multi-site, feminist ethnography of private-sector obstetric, maternal and unborn caring concerns in Cape Town . Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Cape Town. Davis
accordance to hierarchies of class, race, ethnicity and migration status, creating an international division of reproductive labour (Vora, 2008, 2012 ; Sangari, 2015 ; Twine, 2015 ). Indeed, reproduction is in itself stratified, that is, the reproductive choices of privileged women and men are made through the bodies of less privileged women (Gupta, 2006 ). While previous research on surrogacy has addressed the ‘stratified reproduction’ (Colen, 1995 ) of Indian women in terms of class and economic status (Deomampo, 2016 ; Pande, 2014b ; Rudrappa 2015 ; Vora 2015
Migration. Reformed Theology in Africa Series Volume 2, 239–56 . Cape Town : AOSIS . Lahl , J. ( 2017 ). Surrogacy, The Handmaid's Tale, and reproductive ethics: egg donation, sperm donation and surrogacy , Issues in Law and Medicine 32 : 2 , 241–4 . Mason , M. A. and Ekman , T. ( 2017 ). Babies of
California Press . Roberts , E. F. S. and Scheper-Hughes , N. ( 2011 ). Introduction: medical migrations , Body and Society 17 : 2–3 , 1–30. Russell , C. ( 2018 ). The Assisted Reproduction of Race . Bloomington, IN : Indiana University Press