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Clowning and mass protest
, August 2016). CIRCA’s members sought to be more than just activists in costume or fancy dress, making overt use of techniques drawn from traditions of performance including theatre, performance art and bouffon ( Bogad, 2016 : 166). To join the Army required the completion of two days’ training in the ‘methodology of rebel clowning’, a mixture of practices from clowning and civil disobedience that aimed to instruct its participants not in the art of dressing or acting like a clown, but rather in becoming one: ‘CIRCA’s combatants don’t pretend to be clowns, they