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co-opted into it. It manifested itself in various forms of agit-prop, protest and political theatre, in avant-garde performance, and in performance art. The first West German experimental theatre festival was held in Frankfurt in 1966 and saw the première of Peter Handke’s symptomatically titled ‘anti-play’ Publikumsbeschimpfung ( Offending the Audience ) and the birth of Rainer Werner
introduce performative theory to literary texts, so it is no coincidence that drama should still predominate in studies of literary performativity. The often inflationary use of the term has caused Carlson to insist that only theatrical performance and performance art ought to be considered performative: ‘[performance] is a specific event with its liminoid nature foregrounded, almost invariably clearly separated from the rest of life, presented by performers and attended by audiences both of whom regard the experience as made up of material to be 14 John Donne