Search results
reason for Japan's distinctive vaccination policies is the long history of outside influences on its institutional framework. German, and more recently, American contacts have had a profound effect on Japan's most fundamental regulatory institutions as well as other features such as regulators’ preference for full self-sufficiency in vaccines and domestically developed strains. Another area where Japan remains distinctive is regulators’ approach
should move to the Care Quality Commission, while its research licensing work and the functions of the HTA were to be absorbed by ‘a new super-regulator’.55 After the coalition approved the Rawlins report in its March 2011 budget, it announced that this super-regulator would be a new Health Research Authority, which was established in December 2011 and began work on creating ‘a unified approval process’ for biomedical research (after concerted appeals, the HFEA was ultimately saved from this ‘bonfire of the quangos’ in 2013).56 The government’s ‘simplification’ of the
–Patient Relationship’, p. 777. 186 Richard Horton, ‘Why Is Ian Kennedy’s Healthcare Commission Damaging NHS Care?’, Lancet, Vol. 364 (2004) pp. 401–2 (p. 401). 187 Ibid, p. 402. 188 Ibid. 189 Ian Kennedy, ‘Setting of Clinical Standards’, Lancet, Vol. 364 (2004) p. 1399. 190 Ibid. 191 Charlotte Santry, ‘Healthcare Regulator Longed for Government’s Embrace’, Health Service Journal, 12 November 2008, available online at www.hsj.co.uk (accessed 6 February 2014). 192 Charlotte Santry, ‘Sir Ian Kennedy Champions “Fearless” NHS Regulator’, Health Service Journal, 12 November 2009
the state or the governmental system responsible for healthcare insurance (EPS) fails to ensure the presence of a sufficient number of healthcare professionals (section 5.1). The need to prevent harm places formal as well as substantive limits on CO. Regulators need to ensure that proper procedures are in place in order to guide the exercise of CO and allow objectors protection of their critical consciousness DONNELLY 9780719099465 PRINT.indd 36 12/10/2015 15:59 Conscientious objection, harm reduction and abortion care 37 while ensuring that public health and
repository, it is decried as a kind of ‘biobank by stealth’. The types of legal protections that regulators would normally point to in assuaging such concerns– clear restrictions on access and use, well defined property rights, and preservation of patient autonomy through informed consent– are often missing, or lack clear application to NBS programs. (2011: 319) In examining the question of who owns the samples and cards, it is important to look at the ownership of biological samples more generally. Are biological samples property? Human tissue is commonly removed
high political stakes for governments. 17 Regulators see issues surrounding hospital hygiene standards and cleanliness as symptomatic of wider systems failures, and as a principal measure of healthcare quality. Thus, hospital infections serve as a key performance indicator, and infection prevention and control are an important part of a wider patient safety agenda within hospitals. 18 Foreshadowed in the 1970s by the criticisms in Ivan Illich’s influential polemic, Medical Nemesis , in which he argued that modern medicine was a major threat to world health
women, the Bader Committee argued that the ‘home environment’ was essential for the emotional health of pilots and was particularly important to mitigate the effects of personal stress ‘leading to fatigue’. 69 Time at home had, the Bader Committee held, both physical and emotional benefits. To this end, pilot fatigue was transformed in regulatory discourse. Once framed in primarily physiological terms, by the 1970s the psychological and social pressures of commercial aviation were central to regulators’ understanding
rise of clinical trials was massively predicated on their internalisation by drug companies, on their blending with scientific marketing, and on the absence of alternative producers of drug-related clinical knowledge. This does not imply that state authorities and administrative regulation played no role in these developments. The contrast between the trajectories of Ludiomil and Levoprotiline readily show the opposite, since the first one passed the regulatory test without difficulties while Ciba-Geigy never convinced German regulators that the
process, which owes as much to agency as to conditioning’. See E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2013) p. 8. 64 See also De Vries et al., ‘Social Science and Bioethics’. 65 Imber, ‘Medical Publicity before Bioethics’, p. 21. 66 Michael Moran, The British Regulatory State: High Modernism and Hyper-Innovation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003). 67 Culliton and Waterfall, ‘Flowering of American Bioethics’, p. 1270. 68 Charlotte Santry, ‘Healthcare Regulator Longed for Government’s Embrace’, Health Service Journal, 12
systems’ and ‘improved inter-disciplinary team-working’ too (ibid.: 49). In this way, the document made suggestions as to how others might work with the state to co-produce health (McDaid et al., 2009), which is completely in keeping with the broader aim of the neoliberal state to download the management of risk. Once again, at first sight, the invisible hand approach suggests a reduced role for the state. Yet, as we have argued, in place of retreat, what we see is the early beginnings of the advancement and extension of the state as contractor and regulator into a vast