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Eurosclerosis (1959– 84) and the second phase of integration (1985– 2003)
could have their special relationship with the United States or be part of Europe, but not both. Macmillan was aghast at this narrow interpretation of his nation’s self-interest, noting that the French President ‘wants to be the cock on a small dunghill instead of having two cocks on a larger one.’ Despite this flippant interpretation, de Gaulle’s veto – which was to be followed by a second in 1967 – shook Macmillan deeply. He noted in his private diary, ‘It is the end … to everything for which I have worked for many years. All our policies at home and abroad are in