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was one of the five children of Dr Moses Friedlaender, once the general secretary of the Jewish community in Berlin, who was killed in France in 1917. Thereafter Rudi lived in the Jewish Orphanage in Berlin managed by a friend of his family. After an education in the Sophien Gymnasium, he studied medicine at the University of Berlin, financing himself by coaching pupils for their matric and occasionally driving taxis. Specialising in surgery, he became a general assistant to Professor Freyer at the Medical Academy in Düsseldorf. Dismissed on 1 April 1933, at the end
small terraced house in what was a poor working-class district. In 1932, while keeping up the Butler Street surgery, he moved his main office to 398 Great Cheetham Street, Salford, a better part of the Jewish Quarter. In 1935 he bought a larger practice at 94 Manchester Road (‘Springwells’), Bury, where, at that time, ‘Jewish people were unknown’, changing his name by deed poll to the less Jewish-sounding Maxwell Julius Maxwell. There he employed an assistant, two livingin maids, a nanny who was also a receptionist for the surgery and a chauffeur who drove him on his
. Britain has also witnessed a series of more muted but no less significant flashpoints. In 2006 Jack Straw, Labour MP for Blackburn, provoked outrage from some Muslims when he defended his requiring Muslim women who visited his constituency surgery to remove their face veils. 6 This led to widespread reporting of the case of a teaching assistant, Aishah Azmi, who was dismissed for refusing to remove her burka when her employers complained that it
-Kresse, Illegalitat, Kerker, Exil: Erinnerungen aus dem antifaschistischen (Berlin 1980), p. 225. Exceptional were prominent professional and business people like Elfrida Foulds, the wife of a doctor with his surgery in Longsight and herself the author of childrens’ books, the merchant E.W. Whitworth, and the industrialist E. Russell Brayshaw, managing director of Brayshaw’s Furnaces and Tools Company. In December 1939 Brayshaw sought (and obtained) permission from the AEU to employ a twenty-one year-old German refugee, who in Germany had spent four years in construction work, in
the professions as doctors, opticians, pharmacists and solicitors. They included Dr Harold Hirsch, a GP in Stockport since 1923, whose surgery in 1938 was in Heaton Norris, on the northern, residential edge of the town. Another was David Blank, whose Russian immigrant father, Max Blank, originally one of the tailoring workers recruited by the Stockport hatting industry, had subsequently created a small chain of tailors’ shops in Stockport’s town centre and its residential suburbs. Born in Stockport in 1911, David attended Stockport Grammar School, where, although
of address.89 Routine medical and dental care was available from refugee dentists and from GPs with surgeries nearby, specialist care from local hospitals to which Nathan Laski had negotiated access.90 During their first week in the hostel, newcomers received travel expenses to get them to work.91 A barber visited the hostel once a week to give free haircuts; free shoe repairs were available from a local shoemaker.92 Those not at work received 2s pocket money every Thursday evening.93 The executive saw itself as easing newcomers into life and work in an unfamiliar
1938, the Quakers arranged for Elizabeth to be accommodated with a Mrs Doxan, the headmistress of a Church of England Infants School in Oldham, and found work for her mother as a children’s nurse with a family in Greenfield, near Oldham. Millie Uhland, beyond her work for the QRC, found guarantors for at least six refugees, including, in November 1938, a Roman Catholic family prepared to accommodate four members of the Fessler family from Vienna. Muriel Edwards was a Quaker GP with her surgery at 45 Yew Tree Lane in Wythenshawe. When, in September 1939, she heard
vouchers (which were organised by earlier immigrants) and through family reunification. Immigration rules applied to the majority of non-white immigrants, but especially impacted on settlement patterns of ethnic groups such as the Bengalis that were only just getting established in Britain when the laws came in. The politics of housing has been crucial to ‘race relations’ and to segregation, and nowhere more so than in Tower Hamlets, where the housing available has always fallen far short of what is required and housing issues dominate councillors’ surgeries. Chapter 6
general symptoms of old age and decrepitude amongst the episcopate – whose job it was to enforce clerical standards and to lead by example – ranging from declining vision and hearing, bloody urine, injuries sustained in the overturning of a coach, through botched surgery on a foot, to ‘skirvy & dropsy’ and ‘singing in my head’. 35 Admittedly, such claims were most commonly offered as excuses in the course of efforts to
was similarly tolerant of those drivers not agreeing with his politics, impressed Salim, who wished that Egyptian children could also be taught that every man has a right to express different views and beliefs. To him, the Israeli political reality seemed a negation to the ‘one party’ and ‘one opinion’ culture prevalent in Arab societies, a culture that superficially masks profound contradictions that are bound to erupt sooner or later.22 Khalis Jalabi (b. 1945), a Syrian Kurdish Saudi-based doctor specializing in blood vessel surgery, is a prolific liberal writer