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unemployment and in areas in economic difficulties. Indeed, Brett and Specht see child soldiering as a form of child labour, and argue that eliminating child soldiering without providing adequate alternatives will simply lead to a rise in other forms of child labour. Family : As with school, family is at the centre in a child’s life. It is well documented that the loss or absence of
represent only a small part of this complexity, but just sufficient to suggest a world of disparate groups who discern kinship with others and proclaim a distinctive commonality of claims. The distress of the indigenous Indigenous peoples experience the full range of rights abuses and other assaults upon their dignity. The ICIHI devoted a chapter to indigenous ‘victims’. In this, they noted major differences in unemployment rates for the indigenous as against the non-indigenous, observing that in ‘Africa, Asia and Latin America, indigenous peoples are the poorest of the
so. Unless this difference of treatment had an objective and reasonable justification, it would amount to discrimination on grounds of sex. The government argued that the aim of the immigration rules was to protect the domestic labour market at a time of high unemployment. The Court accepted this and that such an aim was legitimate. It pointed out, however, that whether the government could justify treating male and
provisions of the ICCPR, including article 26. 99 So too a Peruvian law that prevented a married woman from taking legal action with respect to matrimonial property was held to discriminate against women. 100 Two Dutch women’s challenge to national social security laws, which required married women, but not men, to prove that they were breadwinners before obtaining unemployment
transition in Central and Eastern Europe from centrally planned to ‘market’ economies has had a disproportionate impact on women workers: female unemployment rates are higher and women remain unemployed for longer periods than men. Women are the first to be retrenched in ‘streamlining’ exercises, and employers have cut back on services, such as childcare, which support women
. Runyan, above note 89 at 150 (citing United States studies indicating that women legislators were more interested in ‘domestic’ issues such as unemployment, housing, poverty, the homeless, health care and child care than men legislators). 168 V. Randall, above note 24 at 155
However, Article 6(b) of the Nuremberg Charter recognised the war crime of ‘deportation to slave labor or for any other purpose of the civilian population of or in occupied territory’. 337 The Nuremberg Judgement recounts that at least 5 million workers were deported to Germany by such methods as ‘withdrawing the ration cards of laborers … or by discharging them from their jobs and denying them unemployment benefit or an opportunity to work elsewhere’. 338 Unlawful confinement The Fourth Geneva Convention discusses
, guerrillas, saboteurs or infiltrators directed at places of compulsory labour. At the same time, the Occupying Power may not seek to stimulate unemployment to induce the population to work for it. Even when they are engaged in compulsory labour, the Occupying Power must permit access to the services of the Protecting Power. On no account may the Occupying Power requisition labour in sufficient numbers to constitute