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of digital work within refugee communities in general and women’s rights groups in particular ( Hunt et al. , 2017 ). The case of Jordan is particularly revealing – a country that continues to have one of the highest youth and female unemployment rates in the world ( IFC, 2021 ). Despite the slow transition to digital work, refugees are not commonly perceived to be part of this transition. As demonstrated below, considerable challenges – including
uncertainty of active unemployment becomes the global work norm, the chronically poor and the disaster-affected have blurred. In an unmediated relationship with their environments, they are both subject to permanent emergency. They constantly change place and, at a time when economy and disaster have blurred, from a post-humanitarian perspective, they become indistinguishable. Since resilience is now equally required of the poor and exposed – as well as the ‘first responders’ – the traditional distinction between developmental and humanitarian relief
programme to shift its attention to those few opportunities that the local market could provide. However, under the impact of the recent economic and financial crisis, these opportunities have increasingly faded too. In a span of less than three years, Lebanon went from a country known for its growing middle class to one with an inflation rate of over 240 per cent 8 and a dramatic unemployment rate 50.1 per cent in 2022 (16.2 per cent in 2018–19). 9 As part of ‘Future of Food
households transcend the local level, taking into account the contribution (or lack of contribution) of absent others. Existing NGO reports often focus on Syrian women’s relationships with spouses, who are said to experience unemployment and their wives’ new occupations as emasculating and a loss of ‘traditional’ pre-war lifestyles ( Lokot, 2018 ). By contrast, we zoom in on relationships between younger and older women. Life in exile and humanitarian programming
labour productivity ( ITU, 2019 ). In the Middle East and North Africa, some predict that digitalisation could raise GDP per capita on average by more than 40 per cent, while long-term unemployment rates could drop and female labour force participation could double to more than 40 per cent in some countries ( Cusolito et al. , 2022 ). While these figures are both promising and impressive, limited research explores how individuals as well as specific
recruited. Already in March 2018 when her colleague was sick, UNRWA did not find a ‘daily-paid’ substitute teacher – instead, her class of thirty-five students had to ‘absorb’ the other teacher’s class, leaving her to teach seventy children in her small classroom. Such changes also mean that young Palestinians who had hoped to work for UNRWA – including prospective teachers, doctors, clerical and facilities staff – will face restricted employment possibilities, leading to increased levels of unemployment, underemployment and related long
of the charity effort forced many refugees to support themselves by finding work. A useful workforce In the Netherlands, apart from certain industrial centres around Rotterdam or in Limburg, unemployment was high among Belgian refugees. The trade unions, as well as many municipal authorities created a series of obstacles to their employment, to prevent them from competing with Dutch workers. Many Belgians owed their jobs to the sewing and dressmaking shops that were set up by charities. Rockefeller Foundation sewing shops were opened in some thirty towns and funded
potent than in the immediate aftermath of the war and unemployment very low, the social democrats had become dispensable and left the government. Weimar’s future now depended on a confrontation between the state and the anti-democratic right with its ‘patriotic spirit’ for which those who led the state already appeared to lack the will. The social democrats’ economic policy, and especially its inflationary repercussions, had done little to alleviate a sense of injustice among many in the middle classes about the social and material consequences of the war. For their
/10/2013 15:25 34 Rosemary D. O’Neill of choice in resolving the Troubles. On a trip to Northern Ireland in the early 1980s, Tip clearly saw the extent of unemployment in Northern Ireland. One of the Speaker’s last acts before his retirement was to provide for US government participation in the International Fund for Ireland, through which thousands of jobs were created. ‘The loyal opposition’ The nadir of his speakership came during the first year of the Reagan administration. The defection to Reagan of Southern Democrats enabled the Republicans to spend massive amounts
-handed generosity. Without that diplomatic track, I do not believe we would be where we are today. The second insight was the economy: the role that economic growth and job creation could play in tackling the economic roots of extremist politics. Tip O’Neill saw that immediately. So, too, did Congress, which began voting significant funding as early as 1986 – when unemployment was 16.8 per cent – in support of job creation. These efforts were marked not only by generosity but also by imagination. Through US intervention, for example, venture capital was deployed for the first