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of Sunday’s debts. A former fishing village absorbed by the expansion of Lagos, Maroko figures as a daily encounter with poverty, unemployment, and crime, a place of incompleteness, marginality, and destitution. Here broke, young, and estranged from his family (after the death of Elvis’s mother, Sunday lives with a new woman, Comfort, and her three children), Elvis is the subaltern of a subaltern periphery, constituted by the slum and its underworld inhabitants and economy. Lagos, and especially the slum as a
contemporary issue of unemployment. It is indeed a powerfully dramatic novel set in a moment of fear and anticipation when the map of London starts to become the territory of the working classes, and specifically of unskilled and under-employed workers. Exhausted, oppressed, sick, and desperate as they are, they begin to materialise into public view, to spread out over the city’s parks and streets, filling doss houses, pubs, and clubs, sleeping in public squares, and even marching down elegant West End roads. London is ‘occupied’ in a number of finely conceived and
his own career, Pound puts the question: ‘what can drive a man interested almost exclusively in the arts, into social theory or into a study of the “gross material aspects”, videlicet economic aspects of the present?’ (SP, 198). Writing in the midst of the depression, at a time of massive unemployment, Pound reflects that, The unemployment problem that I have been faced with, for a quarter of a century, is not or has not been the unemployment of nine or five million ... it has been the problem of the unemployment of Gaudier-Brzeska, T. S. Eliot, Wyndham Lewis the
loss of a Welshness of class and community which provided illuminating moments of inspiration, and in particular the loss of a righteous communal resistance to injustice captured in the triumphant mass resistance to the government’s 1934–5 Unemployment Assistance Board Act. This victory of grass-roots radicalism, argued Williams, buoyed up the flagging confidence of a people ravaged by unemployment and ‘carried [them] into their liberating World War on a surge of socialist and Labour hope’ (264). While the cultural and linguistic reality of Wales encompasses far more
as problems linked to unemployment, drug addiction, and trafficking, which were rampant in the suburbs. This label, however, has often been criticized. For instance, as Will Higbee notes in his book Post-Beur Cinema: North-African Émigré and Maghrebi-French Filmmaking in France Since 2000 the term Beur Cinema appears to function as a form of strategic essentialism, whereby a heterogeneous minority endorses an essentialised identity 64 Reimagining North African immigration in order to further their collective aims and combat the oppression or exclusion effected by
’s first popular presidential vote in 1992. His victory ended communist hopes of clinging to power though the margin of victory was relatively narrow in both cases, reflecting the persistent appeal of communist-inspired policies. Zhelev was appointed president in August 1990 and, in a country previously largely dependent on trade between the communist bloc countries, many blamed him for the economic shocks since the collapse of communism. With foreign debt totalling £6 billion, unemployment approached 25 per cent and inflation exceeded 30 per cent. Nearly all property
4 Recycling materials, recycling lives: cardboard publishers in Latin America Lucy Bell Latin American editoriales cartoneras are small, independent publishers that make their books by hand out of recycled cardboard and aim to sell them at prices lower than those of large publishing houses. This cultural movement first began in Buenos Aires in the wake of the 2001 economic crisis, during which unemployment rates soared and people had a home one week but were homeless the next. One of the most visible impacts of the deep recession was the appearance of thousands
perspective, it is appropriate to look back at Ireland’s sorry political and economic state during the first half of the 1980s. A sharp, general downturn in western economies, generated partly by the 1979 oil crisis, had left Ireland particularly vulnerable. Unemployment reached alarming levels between 1979 and 1984, when an estimated 16.4 per cent of the workforce were jobless.1 As a result of the recession, at least a million people in the Republic were reliant on social benefits, 9780719075636_4_001.qxd 4 16/2/09 9:23 AM Page 4 Contexts a European report
White Irish-born male playwrights and the immigrant experience onstage explained in an interview, the artists’ performance experiments took the form of comedy sketches, burlesque plays, cabarets, political demonstrations, and street performances; and addressed subjects such as nuclear proliferation, poverty, unemployment, and women’s rights (McIvor, 2009b). In 1993, Donal O’Kelly and Charlie O’Neill were among the founders of Calypso Productions, a company dedicated to producing ‘new issue-based writing for theatre’ and promoting ‘an awareness of social issues
ruminate on the purpose of their lives and/or provided the opportunity and resources to write. Time was a severe constraint for potential writers, whose energies were mainly focused on work and home life. Retirement or unemployment could spur people to write. After finishing work as a bus driver, Fitz Lewis attended an English class in Manchester and was pointed in the direction of a writing group.12 In addition, trauma or personal crises such as the death of a close friend or relative exposed raw nerves that could turn an inclination into a strong desire to write or