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more isolated and detached from the social fabric than in the past (Putnam, 2000 ). Changes in the character of party organisation may also have played a part. In the past, neighbourhood party organisers encouraged turnout. However, urban redevelopment swept away the cohesive and relatively homogeneous neighbourhoods in the inner-city areas, and there are far fewer party activists at precinct and county level. Others argue that the very large number of elections discourages turnout. Voters, they say, become bored