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simplifications: he ‘grew up with this idea that it was important to look inwards and not always define an external enemy… We must examine ourselves, examine our own weaknesses’. 19 ‘Tell me who to kill’ in In a Free State (1971) might be read as a story à thèse about Naipaul’s sense of the complicatedness of the ‘race issue’ in England of the 1950s and 1960s. The unnamed first
There exists a moving photographic record of West Indian emigrants arriving in British cities in the 1950s, first by steamship and steam train, then later, by the end of the decade and into the 1960s, by plane. We still see, in our own times, these images of men and women who, for all their apprehensions, were stepping across the threshold into new lives, bringing with them a certain
determinism that, in his view, had caused tropical medicine to be categorised almost as a separate discipline. His advocacy, and close involvement with Uganda’s nutritional research, directed attention towards the social aspects of kwashiorkor. 53 As a consequence, through the 1950s and early 1960s doctors in the Colonial Medical Service such as Dick Jelliffe and Hebe Welbourn
that governments might contemplate to help new industries should not include protection by tariffs, however. After his time in Trinidad, Shenfield took up a post as the Economic Director of the Federation of British Industries (FBI). Neil Rollings has shown the role played by Shenfield in disseminating neoliberal ideas amongst British businessmen during his tenure as Economic Director of the FBI between 1955 and 1967. 49 From the 1960s onwards, Shenfield had a successful career as an academic economist in the US. He was an early supporter of
consequences for Africans ill equipped to handle the transition from a presumably unchanging, ‘traditional’ existence to a highly dynamic ‘modern’ world. Although there were a few detractors, psychological studies of Africans before the 1960s tended to support the notion that, in general, adult African intelligence was inferior to that of the adult European. Inferior intelligence was deemed to be both a
and its changing patrons at the University of Liverpool, 1926–1951”, Technology and Culture 48 (2007), 43–66. 80 Colonial Research, 1944–1945 , Cmd 6663; D. Cantor, “Cortisone and the politics of empire: imperialism and British medicine, 1918–1955”, Bulletin of the History of Medicine 67 (1993), 463–493. 81 V. Quirke, “Making British cortisone: Glaxo and the development of corticosteroids in Britain in the 1950s-1960s”, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 36 (2005), 645
the 1950s and early 1960s, the preoccupation with the question of black subjectivity barely registered at all, despite its centrality. Its presence in the West Indian diaspora half a century ago anticipated much contemporary conceptual inquiry. So too, in a later transformation, West Indians in Britain in the 1960s were in the forefront of introducing into the metropolis the
Brathwaite’s activities at Mona in the previous decade. In the summer of 1966 I returned to England to take up a teaching post at the University of Kent. Kent had been established in 1965, one of the innovating ‘plate-glass’ universities founded in the 1960s. It emphasised interdisciplinary studies, and had a particular interest in ‘Third World’ societies. First year students were offered a course in
, the IODE has found many of its initial concerns to have been accomplished, or else professionalized, while others have been found to be no longer appropriate. Concern over an ageing demographic emerged in the mid-1960s, when the IODE asked ‘Are we dinosaurs?’ 1 The longevity of the IODE is impressive, and although membership never again reached the heights attained in the First World War and
mass-circulation newspapers, but his other work was published almost exclusively in very small leftwing journals: those of Trotskyist groups or of the slightly larger Independent Labour Party. In the 1960s and 1970s, his only regular nonspecialist outlet was as a book reviewer in New Society . He seems to have made just one radio broadcast – as a last-minute stand-in – in the 1930s, and a mere