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‘transterritorial’ networks in order to overcome the lack of formalized relations. In the case of the 1665 alliance, the English Catholic exile community and its entanglements with the Catholic peerage provided a communication node between the unlikely allies, where more formalized diplomatic contacts were sporadic at best.33 Following Christoph Bernhard’s informal talks with William Temple in Münster, the bishop managed to send an English ‘ex-patriate’, Father Joseph Sherwood, a Benedictine monk of noble descent, to London for the detailed negotiations on the terms of the
acknowledge, on the other hand, that emigrants did not leave with any intention of fulfilling a religious destiny. One of the earliest fulllength expositions of the ‘providential mission’ in the English Catholic journal The Rambler in 1853 described Irish emigrants as ‘a band of unconscious crusaders,’ who believed they left for material reasons, but were simply unaware of their true divine mission. Three years earlier, Dr O’Connell of Donnybrook had painted emigrants similarly as ‘unaware of the noble end of their expatriation’, and a Rev. Hegarty of Derry spoke of Ireland
-speaking over monolingual ministers, because, he said, “those people had souls which ought not to be neglected till they would learn English” (qtd. in Jones, A True Relation, 44). MUP_Hile_SpenserSatire_Printer.indd 77 14/10/2016 15:35 Spenserian satire 78 misses the spirit of Spenserian satire, which uses indirection and ambiguity to manage the risk of criticizing or even mocking people with real political power. Bedell takes no risks with this poem, because the satire targets a reviled out-group, English Catholics and the subset of English Catholic Gunpowder Plotters
graves of French and English soldiers –Some “patriots” wore tailored clothes and top hats. Numerous young girls dressed in tricolour, and that’s it: weariness and despondency are too profound to react.’105 The unpublished memoirs of May Corballis (Sœur Marguerite), an English Catholic nun living in occupied Roubaix, attest to similar acts. Corballis was offered a bouquet of tricolour flowers in May 1915, although she does not state by whom; but German officers did not notice the significance of this, and she spoke about their ignorance with soldiers who said nothing
Spanish armies in the Netherlands and on the high seas. But this alliance would not be popular with English Catholics, who traditionally looked to Spain at their ally and greatest hope for the restoration of catholicism in England. Their influence could, consequently, be decisive in the success of the marriage negotiations. Accordingly, when the question of a new bishop to serve the English mission arose in 1624, it fitted perfectly into the political requirements of the French crown. Richelieu and his officials canvassed persistently for the appointment of a cleric
Reformed folklore? of Martyrdom in the English Catholic Community, 1535–1603 (Aldershot, Ashgate, 2002), ch. 2, on this process in relation to narratives of martyrdom. 82 Quotations from George Hakewill, An answere to a treatise written by Dr Carier (London, 1616), 26. 195
and belief in English witchcraft drama The question of the balance between liberty and authority was at the centre of the disturbances and debates connected to the Popish Plot and the Succession Crisis. The Popish plot was the name given to a supposed conspiracy to overthrow the government of England and restore the Church to the control of the Pope. Such a plot never existed in reality, but belief in and fear of it led to the execution of twenty-four English Catholics and the imprisonment of hundreds more. Fear of the plot also led to demands for an Exclusion Bill
rumours by referring in court to the attempted Spanish invasion of 1588 and the gunpowder plot, and one of the accused, James Franklin, added to the intrigue by hinting at a larger conspiracy, probably in an attempt to delay his execution. The implausibility of the rumours peaked with stories of a Catholic plot to poison the entire royal family. To this end, it was said that Frances had faked her pregnancy so that the poisoning could be carried out at a banquet celebrating the birth of the baby (which would be borrowed). After the murder of the royal family, English