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Babille , M. et al. (eds), Finding Means: UNRWA’s Financial Crisis and Refugee Living Conditions ( Oslo : FAFO ), pp. 157 – 78 . Charles , L. ( 2017 ), Lebanon Livelihoods: Economic Opportunities and Challenges for Palestinians and Lebanese in the Shadow of the Syrian Crisis ( Sankt Augustin : Konrad Adenauer Stiftung ). Dumper , M. ( 2018 ), ‘ Trump’s Cut to Funding for Palestinian Refugees Could Lead to Disaster ’, Guardian , 12 01 , www
-elected as President, defeating Le Pen on second ballot by 82.2 per cent to 17.8 per cent. Germany Bundestag elections, changes of government and election of federal presidents 14 August 1949 Bundestag election. CDU–CSU are largest party. 12 September 1949 Theodor Heuss (FDP) elected as first federal President. 15 September 1949 Konrad Adenauer
agreement was finally signed in Paris by Chancellor Konrad Adenauer on 23 October 1954,26 and by the Chancellor and Pierre Mendès-France (who at the time was both President of the Cabinet and Minister of Foreign Affairs) during the Franco- German meetings that followed the Nine-Power Conference in Paris on the western military alliance. That day also, the four occupying forces signed an agreement resolving the main problems in Germany (the occupation troops were to remain, but the country was to be granted its full independence), and the Federal Republic of Germany
social democratic welfare state, the liberal democratic and the conservative corporatist. The UK was put in the liberal democratic camp, with France and Germany in the conservative corporatist. For our purposes, analysing differences, it is important to look at the differences between France and Germany as well as the similarities. Germany There is no doubt that Germany’s pension, unemployment benefit and healthcare systems are generous by world standards. While the rhetoric of the critics may be exaggerated, since Konrad Adenauer’s chancellorship, German citizens have
: Harvard University Press, 1997), p. 282. 10 Lagrou, The Legacy of Nazi Occupation, pp. 279–80. 11 Vergangenheitspolitik or ‘politics of the past’ refers to West German political leaders’ approach to the memory and legacies of the recent National Socialist period. Political parties were divided on the issue. The Christian Democratic Union (CDU) led by Konrad Adenauer focused on reintegrating and reconciling former Nazis to the democratic West German government at the expense of confronting Germans’ roles in the Third Reich and justice for its victims. The Social Democratic Party
to render war service involving the use of arms.’ In both its exogenous and endogenous manifestations, the effects of Stunde Null were diametrically opposed to the rearming, in whatever way, of the fledging Federal Republic. However, the imperatives of rearmament rapidly accelerated and, together with Konrad Adenauer’s disposition towards the regaining of sovereignty through alliance with the West, the task in hand became not so much if or when rearmament would occur, but how. Longhurst, Germany and the use of force.qxd 30/06/2004 16:25 Page 29 Stunde Null and
a common market on economic grounds. He preferred a free trade area in which German industry would flourish. It was Konrad Adenauer who persuaded Erhard to acquiesce in the arrangements for a common market. Adenauer’s main aim was to achieve a reconciliation between West Germany and its west European neighbours; France was crucial to this. Adenauer, just as with the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Defence Community, was determined to continue his west-oriented policy of embedding the Federal Republic in Western Europe. Very similar reasoning
House in March 1964 as leader of the Labour opposition, Wilson saw Johnson at six more bilateral summits in Washington: in December 1964, April 1965, December 1965, July 1966, June 1967 and February 1968, as well as (briefly) at the funeral of Konrad Adenauer in Bonn in January 1967 and at the memorial service for Harold Holt in Melbourne in December 1967. The Washington meetings would usually include an hour or two during which the
, lest it be able to carry out its ‘“Trojan Horse” mission of transforming the Common Market into an “Atlantic Community”’ (Gladwyn, 1969, pp. 32 and 63). 15 German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer was firmly Western-oriented, keen on German membership of the Council of Europe, NATO, the European Coal and Steel Community and the EEC. See e.g. Ash (1993, Ch. 1). 16 Even the name the ‘Federal Republic of Germany’ indicated this, just as the name the ‘German Democratic Republic’ showed an admittance by that country that it was only German, not Germany. 17 The High Authority, a
policy which had existed since 1976: something that Tory activists could not stomach. Third, many party members opposed the proposals because they would break-up the Conservative Party and there was a general feeling that the Bavarian wing had jumped the gun on party reform at the Scottish and UK levels. The fact that the Bavarian wing sought financial support from the Konrad Adenauer foundation to institute a study of the CSU’s political and organisational autonomy,13 with the intention of setting up a Scottish CSU as a rival to the Conservatives only enflamed