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a crucial role all over the Frankish empire shortly afterwards. M. de Jong, The Penitential State. Authority and Atonement in the Age of Louis the Pious, 814–840 (Cambridge, 2009), p. 113. I would like to thank Francesco Borri, Andreas Fischer, Marios Costambeys, Giorgia Vocino and Graeme Ward for comments on the text. All errors that remain are of course my own. 2 Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum VI, c. 40, ed. L. Bethmann and G. Waitz, MGH Scriptores rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum saec. VI–IX, 12–219, p. 179. 1 The sermon De cupiditate by
, by looking at one notable variant in the St Gallen manuscript, we see that there were no fixed answers to the questions that would be acceptable everywhere in the Frankish empire. Thus, we are reminded that local correctio was applied to a world in which religious practices varied widely, and consensus about how things should be done centred on no more than general aspects of ecclesiastical rituals and priestly duties discussed in high-level circles. What mattered was that people were baptised by triple immersion on the right days – whether the priest washed the