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- Author: Osvaldo Croci x
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This chapter examines Italian government choices during the Iraqi crisis. It explains that the foreign policy choices of the Centre-Left coalition in Kosovo and those of the Centre-Right coalition were similar and consistent with well-established trends in Italian foreign policy. The military intervention in Iraq by the US - supported militarily by Great Britain and politically by a 'coalition of the willing' which included a number of European Union (EU) members but not Germany and France - caused a serious split within the Atlantic Alliance and among EU members. Italian diplomatic efforts over the Iraqi issue began during the summer of 2002, when the government launched a joint initiative designed to have both European and Arab countries. During the months preceding military intervention in Iraq, the Italian government undertook an impossible task: to try to rebuild European unity, maintain transatlantic cohesion, and work towards a peaceful resolution of the crisis.
This book examines different theories purporting to explain the Atlantic Alliance's current difficulties and states that the recent divisions among the allies are a result of the decline in 'Atlanticism' understood as transatlantic solidarity based on a community of values. It offers a brief historical survey of the main issues that have characterised transatlantic security relations from Kosovo to Iraq, focuses on the development of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESPD) and the Kosovo and Iraqi crises. It then examines the evolution of foreign policies of key members of the Alliance as well as those of the so-called 'neutrals' since the end of the Cold War. The book examines the attitude of their respective countries vis-à-vis the issues of humanitarian intervention, the question of how to provide order and stability in a unipolar system, the emergence of a defence vocation within the EU and the relationship between ESDP and NATO. It also explains the reasons that led the George W. Bush administration to adopt a new strategy on the international scene and reviews the different way in which France and the UK conceptualise European security notwithstanding their common effort to develop ESPD. The book also explains the dynamism German foreign policy manifested since reunification, shows that Italy has not made a Euro-sceptic turn under the Berlusconi government and that there is a remarkable continuity in Italian foreign policy.
This book examines the Atlantic Alliance from North Atlantic Treaty Organisation's intervention in Kosovo to the US intervention in Iraq. It is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the 'international context'. Stanley Sloan offers a brief historical survey of the main issues that have characterised transatlantic security relations from Kosovo to Iraq as well as a prognostication of the future of the Alliance. The second part of the book examines the evolution of foreign policies of key members of the Alliance as well as those of the so-called 'neutrals' since the end of the Cold War. They focus not only on the role played by each country in the Kosovo and Iraq crises but also on their views of the Alliance and their stance on some of the issues that the two interventions brought to centre stage in international politics.