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together with the availability of possible ‘course texts’ certainly provide circumstantial evidence of law teaching in the early thirteenth century. Parts of Bracton , for example, were available from the early 1220s and then revised during the 1230s, while a set of ‘questions to the court’ ( quaestiones curiae ) intended to stimulate discussion and disputation survive in the contemporary Exchequer
founded in personal choice, managed in his own time, and his own time was scarce. His job in Customs was a real job, requiring his presence all or most days of the week and demanding personal Introduction Identifying, and identifying with, Chaucer 21 inspection of cargoes and record-keeping in his own hand, and regular reports and visits to Exchequer. During those and other years in his life, his evening hours would have been the only available time for writing and he undoubtedly laboured when his neighbours were socialising and sleeping. While I won’t claim as
These contemporary statements are most obviously referring to the royal judges (those sitting in the courts of king’s bench and common pleas) and the king’s serjeants and serjeants-at-law who were at times called upon to advise the royal council or bolster the official element in parliament. This group should also include other legal officers such as the barons of the exchequer and the attorney general
required in order to convince the pope, who, besides indicting Edward for his conquest of Scotland in 1296, argued that Alexander Ill’s homage was only for his English estates. To counter this, Edward ordered a comprehensive search of ‘all the rolls and remembrances’ concerning Scottish business, both royal archives (including repositories such as the exchequer and chancery) and monastic records. He also
Exchequer. Critical and historical contexts 3 Occasionally, speeches were given to the procession as it passed by one or more of the pageant stations on the route through the City to the river for the first leg of the trip. The journey along the river to Westminster was marked by fireworks and cannon set off from the river banks, and the barges themselves were ornately painted and decorated with flags, banners, and the like; musicians usually travelled in the barges too. A series of emblematic figures and/or mythical beasts usually called the ‘water show’ entertained the
, a senior royal judge before becoming bishop of Norwich and then Winchester, sided with the barons in their refusal to recognise legitimation by a subsequent marriage, which Pope Alexander III had espoused as canon law. 48 The principal officials of royal government and of the later fourteenth-century prerogative courts of chancery and exchequer chamber, the chancellor and the treasurer, were
––––tes may have St. or Kt. At least tagged to their names.’ 150 Black Dwarf, 4:1 (1820), p. 34. 151 Castlereagh, Canning, Sidmouth and Vansittart. For information on Castlereagh, see pp. 169, 189n.145 and 192n.189. For Sidmouth, see pp. 3, 7 and 10. For more information on George Canning, see note 147 above. Nicholas Vansittart was the Chancellor of the Exchequer between 1812 and 1822 and was a close political ally of Castlereagh, often representing him in the House of Commons. 152 One who thinks himself, or wishes to be thought, wise; a pretender to wisdom; a
silent until the Lord Mayor emerged from his house, at which point they were to sound. The Company members then formed lines through which the Lord Mayor and his retinue passed.60 Once the mayoral party had arrived at Westminster for the oathtaking, one of the chief ritual cruxes of the day, further formalities ensued. The new Lord Mayor, accompanied by the outgoing incumbent, took his oath of office at the Exchequer before dignitaries of the Crown and of the City. The latter body was represented, as well as by the two Lord Mayors, by the Recorder of London, who made a
that the king may be the head of the body politic but the City is the heart. Middleton calls it ‘the Fountayne of the bodies heate: / The first thing [that] receiues life [and] the last that dyes’ (sig. B2v). Middleton’s emphasis on the importance of the City to the health of the country as a whole is a common, if carefully negotiated, theme in mayoral inaugurations. Recorder Finch claimed in his Exchequer speech in 1623 that the City is ‘the center in which all the lines of the kingdome meete’.26 Dekker uses another kind of metaphor in Brittannia’s honor to encompass
hospitallity . . . feastes and entertainments’ were highlighted by the Recorder of London when he was presented to the Barons of the Exchequer on the latter occasion.68 Unexpected vicissitudes had to be dealt with at times too. The Bachelors of the Merchant Taylors’ Company had to contribute more than usual in 1605, when Leonard Holliday’s Show was repeated on All Saints Day in November owing to ‘very wett and fowle weather’. Further costs on this occasion included ‘repayring the Pageant, and the rest of the other shewes’, rebuying the apparel for the child actors