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on the rise of social constructivism. On the other, I trace how the productivist body of eastern European Marxism has become gradually irrelevant and replaced by a rival ideology of identity and its epistemology. Gender and Cold War liberalism Gender became a mode of indicating a person’s identity as part of a strong wave of anti-communist politics
Marxist epistemology of bodies and sexuality during the Cold War. My effort is to underscore the consequences of the loss of Marxism for queer theory. Part II ’s first goal is to show that a communist epistemology in eastern Europe had different assumptions from social constructivism in the USA. In a global struggle for ideological supremacy, communist sex and bodies were
from an anti-communist program in the USA. The term grew as part of the rise of social constructivism in US social science. To comment on one of the most influential books of this program, Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann’s 1966 The Social Construction of Reality forged a strong alternative to Marxist explanations of social life. In opposition to Soviet Marxism, it argued that it
relations without relying on a theory of personal identity. As such, it inaugurated a distinct epistemological orientation that tried to part ways with a theory of social constructivism, which became a dominant model in US social sciences. Its refusal of identity became a major theoretical motivation to produce a new field of inquiry that rejected Cold War politics. The driving force
bias, though, is rarely explained. To the best of my knowledge, only one study tackles the question head on, and attributes this bias to ‘the constructivism of Afro-pessimism’ (Schorr 2011 ). Schorr argues that negative stereotypes of Africa in Western media and society shape the decisions of investors, and overall hamper the continent's ability to attract investment. This argument, importantly, sheds light on how Afro-pessimism shapes global (dis)investment to African markets, but it is ultimately unsatisfying. It essentially tells us that all that is needed to
principles, with the American model based primarily on residual welfare ideologies and socio-behavioural perspectives on agency and the Swedish model based on universal welfare ideologies and social constructivism perspectives on the development of social citizenship roles, and entitlements, for fathers. The two regimes of fatherhood model locates the broad church of American psycho-sociological literature on fatherhood within a comparative welfare regime framework of analysis. The two regimes model also focuses on the comparative social policy treatment of fathers. By
Sustainability’, Centre for Environmental Change, Lancaster University, April. Shove, E., and Warde, A. (1998), ‘Inconspicuous consumption: the sociology of consumption, lifestyles and the environment’, in Gijswijt, A., Buttel, F., Dickens, P., Dunlap, R., Mol, A., and Spaargaren, G. (eds), Sociological Theory and the Environment II, Cultural and Social Constructivism: proceedings of the second Woudschoten conference, Amsterdam, SISWO, University of Amsterdam. 22 Innovation by demand Warde, A., and Martens, L. (1998), ‘Food choice: a sociological approach’, in A. Murcott
developing a sociologically ‘reflexive’ critique of structures and a methodology which sought to be dialogical and ‘maieutic’, Bourdieu sought to remain faithful to egalitarianism by recommending social constructivism. The book tries to show how Bourdieu adapted his habitus to his changing circumstances by developing a theory which enabled him to deploy sociologically the noetic/noematic, subjective/objective elements of the Western European epistemological tradition that he imbibed as a student. Just as Bourdieu’s preface of 1988 to the English translation of Homo
anthropology’s cosmology of the social has been at the core of much theoretical debate within the discipline more or less from its inception – evolutionism versus diffusionism, universalism versus relativism, realism versus constructivism and so forth. While we cannot enter into these larger debates here, it is worth remarking that the status of indigenous cosmologies vis-à-vis ‘Western science’ was for long one of the principal arenas in which these tense implications were played out, and not least, when it came to disputes over the so-called ‘rationality’ of indigenous
RAR’s graphic style, Red Saunders cited the following inspirations: ‘Soviet constructivism and American pop art, linked in with European modernism.’43 RAR’s concern, however, was not simply to revive certain styles, but to establish a productive relationship between political and cultural activities. As Roger Huddle explains, ‘the major thing about modernity in the twentieth century was, when it was linked to a social struggle, it did its best work.’44 This point is relevant in two ways. Firstly, the artistic products of previous high points in struggle are, in