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124 4 Discrimination and the development of general practice The presence of migrant South Asian doctors in the British healthcare system can be linked to the existence of a post-imperial recruitment system in post-war Britain and the lingering effects of the empire of the mind in South Asia. Their movement into general practice, however, requires to be understood in a different way. This chapter and Chapter 5 will show how a discriminatory professional environment limited these doctors’ options and how their responses to this context contributed to defining
Challenging the assumption that the stigma attached to mental illness stems from public ignorance and irresponsible media coverage, this book examines mental healthcare workers’ efforts to educate the public in Britain between 1870 and 1970. It covers a period which saw the polarisation of madness and sanity give way to a belief that mental health and illness formed a continuum, and in which segregative care within the asylum began to be displaced by the policy of community care. The book argues that the representations of mental illness conveyed by psychiatrists, nurses and social workers were by-products of professional aspirations, economic motivations and perceptions of the public, sensitive to shifting social and political currents. Sharing the stigma of their patients, many healthcare workers sought to enhance the prestige of psychiatry by emphasising its ability to cure acute and minor mental disorder. However, this strategy exacerbated the stigma attached to severe and enduring mental health problems. Indeed, healthcare workers occasionally fuelled the stereotype of the violent, chronically-ill male patient in an attempt to protect their own interests. Drawing on service users’ observations, the book contends that current campaigns, which conflate diverse experiences under the label mental illness, risk trivialising the difficulties facing people who live with severe and enduring mental disturbance, and fail to address the political, economic and social factors which fuel discrimination.
issues which feminists talk about in India’. Dalit feminism implies an interrogation of privilege and discrimination embedded within the Ambedkarian notion of ‘Brahminical patriarchy’, ‘a specific modality of patriarchy’ governed by ‘a set of discriminatory levels constituting a hierarchical organization of society based on caste, which is quite unique to the Indian subcontinent’ (Arya and Rathore, 2020 : 8). This “graded inequality’’ determines the location of all individuals according to caste and gender, with upper-caste men and lower
implement them’ (Tamale, 2011 : 3), to ensure that ideas about the sexual body are integrated into policy. The extent to which countries in southern Africa and the continent at large commit to ensuring access to reproductive health against a backdrop of numerous international and regional policy documents they have ratified has been the subject of analysis (Amnesty International, 2017 ). South Africa and Zimbabwe, for instance, ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the African Charter on
nature of such diseases and their contagion and exposes the inadequacies of and inequities within global healthcare systems. While the pandemic has been labelled an ‘equaliser’ – no one is immune to the virus – the reality is that it has disproportionately affected the poor. Much like other epidemic diseases, for instance HIV-AIDS, tuberculosis, and Ebola, the structural violence of this pandemic cannot go unnoticed, wherein the deleterious effects are not just of the virus on an individual, but its interaction with poverty, discrimination, marginalisation, and lack of
Subramaniam ( 2019 ) charts out comprehensively more recent attempts at bringing together race and caste, including the embracing of reading caste as race by anti-caste activists to bring more global attention to caste-discrimination and forge solidarity with anti-racist activists. In another form of religion-based racialisation, Zaheer Baber ( 2004 ) has written about the racialisation of communal identity in India, pointing out similarities between racial conflicts elsewhere and communal conflict in India. The ghosts of earlier scholarship continue to
her labouring for several hours in that rural CHC, with a female relative, a staff nurse, and an ayah (hospital helper) assisting her. This CHC had one room for births, and another with five beds for post-partum women. Other than deviating from medical protocol where with three centimetres dilation, the staff nurse was asking her to push the baby, we did not observe any instances of abuse or discrimination against Mrs P at the CHC. The CHC did not have an obstetrician on duty on that day because she was able to visit only three times a week since they dumped other
The CAA and NRC are two pieces of legislation which govern the granting of citizenship to particular groups of illegal immigrants (framed as persecuted minorities from Muslim-dominated countries); and a national register of Indian citizens respectively. When read together, many protesters are arguing that they encourage discrimination based on religious grounds and promote the idea that Muslims cannot be Indian citizens (Deka, 2019 ). 4
movement were women who had experienced the brutal arms of state repression during the period of Emergency, women who as professionals had faced sexism both within their workplace and within the confines of their homes, as well as women from democratic movements who had experienced sexist discrimination by their male comrades (Sathyamala, 2005 ). Given the voluntary nature of participation, they were self-funded, shunning international donors’ funding, viewing it as furthering an imperialist agenda. Comprising educated professional women, issues taken up were diverse
biological. The issue being that this reinforcement of race as biology poses the basis for persisting inequalities and instances of racial discrimination. Cromer ( 2019 ) similarly, examines these processes of racialising reproductive tissue, but notes that in the US adoption agency for embryo adoption where she conducts her fieldwork, the term ‘ethnicity’ is used to describe categories that point to race (Cromer, 2019 ). She argues that this is similar to arguments scholars make when examining embryo transfers and adoption of children. Her research adds a further