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needed to be persuaded of the merits of a united Ireland. Unlike other aspects of republican activity, such as the move into electioneering, little of the limited intellectual development on what constituted loyalism – or how to deal with loyalists – during the 1970s and 1980s came from republican prisoners, policy in this respect being formulated ‘on the outside’. The gentler, more conciliatory tone of
movement, leadership of the Bulgarian Atrocities Agitation, and attack on British foreign policy in relationship to the ‘Eastern Question’ during the Crimean War and Great Eastern Crisis. The first part of this book sought to draw out the full extent and implications of Thomas Arnold’s influence on Freeman’s intellectual development. As an undergraduate, Freeman had heard Arnold lecture on the ‘Unity of History’ and had been deeply impressed by his idea that the historian should study political institutions comparatively in order to reveal the process by which nations
community as they attract contributors to their intellectual development and proponents who urge their utility for policy makers. For the careful scholar, the worth of any new conceptualization must be proven through testing, typically by applying it to factual situations in defined periods, and comparing its explanatory power against competing theories. For the prudent policy maker, the validity of any
importance of not wasting the time still left to us may well be called incalculable … if our existing nations are the last reserve of the world, its fate may be said to be in their hands – God’s work on earth will be left undone if they do not do it. 62 The significance of Arnold to Freeman’s intellectual development cannot be over-estimated. Giving his own inaugural lecture as Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford in 1884, Freeman described how it was ‘with a special thrill of feeling that I remember that the chair which I hold is his [Arnold’s] chair, that I
the whole world, expressed in different ways, conveyed in thousands of languages, but always embodying the same fundamental truth. I call it fundamental, because it is founded in the very nature of our mind, our reason, and our language, on a simple and ineradicable conviction that where there are acts there must be agents, and in the end, one Prime Agent, whom man may know. 76 Müller’s research on the Aryan race was highly influential on Maine. Like Müller, Maine believed that a nation’s institutions indicated the level of intellectual development that had been
T HE STUDY OF THE role of the military in Southeast Asian security has, by and large, remained immune to intellectual developments in the wider field of security studies. This has created important blind-spots in our understanding of the military’s relationship with human security in the region. Where it has imported new ideas, traditional approaches to