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Rights: Text and Materials (London, Sweet & Maxwell, 1997). The UN and other intergovernmental organisations give ever-increasing publicity to their instruments and work in practice: see Human Rights: A Compilation of International Instruments (New York and Geneva, 1997), ST/HR/1/Rev. 5, vols. I and II. The expanding organisational websites on the Internet are a further source. On religious freedom, see K. Boyle and J. Sheen (eds.), Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report (London and New York, Routledge, 1997). 98 See ch. 9 of this volume. 99 See ch. 17 of this
s have tended to leave aside the situation of trans claimants, which is reflected in the corpus considered here. In addition, the specificity of the experience of trans claimants would necessitate a separate comprehensive analysis. Since 2014, a greater acknowledgement of the under-discussion of trans issues in relation to asylum and forced migration has occurred, both among advocates and intergovernmental organisations such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR); the latter, for example, calling in its 2015 report for more research and
focused. Soft power is bound to actors such as states, countries and intergovernmental organisations or – in relation to the topic of this book – welfare workers, citizens and welfare organisations and their abilities to set agendas and convince others to cooperate. Powerful encounters At its core, power has to do with how individuals, alone or collectively, ‘attempt to achieve their objectives and to assist or obstruct others in the achievement of theirs’ (Jenkins 2013: 140). In doing so, individuals then deploy different resources meaningful to the contexts in which
move country on the behest of his employer. This evidences that also the exclusive international labour market spanning intergovernmental organisations, international non-governmental organisations and multinational corporations is governed by rules and norms that often tightly control the (migratory) lives of employees. Lavish salaries and benefits are often tied to temporary status – and together they produce specific forms of ‘differential inclusion’ of privileged migrant labour. In this context, accepting a job at the UN in Nairobi was partly a practical decision
and Integration of Indigenous and other Tribal and Semi-Tribal Populations in Independent Countries,17 and Recommendation No. 104 on the same.18 The ILO today The ILO is now one of twelve specialised agencies of the UN.19 The tripartite structure of the ILO – governments, employers, employees – is unique among intergovernmental organisations. The Organisation is composed of three organs: the General Conference of representatives of member States (the International Labour Conference); the Governing Body; and the International Labour Office. The rights that concern the
application of the Charter, the Protocol, or any other relevant human rights instrument ratified by the States concerned (Article 3.1); the Court may also offer advisory opinions which do not trespass on the work of the Commission (Article 4). Court cases will be open to States, African intergovernmental organisations, relevant NGOs with observer status before the Commission, and individuals (Article 5.3): NGO and individual cases require a supporting declaration from the State concerned in accordance with Article 34.6. Entry into force of the Protocol requires fifteen
interest. The enunciators are quite varied and, in the corpus analysed, NGOs are the most represented voice followed by newsmedia, intergovernmental organisations (in particular the UNHCR) and governmental organisations.13 The reports seem to have no voice of their own: the text is almost entirely inside quote marks. The passages that are not quotes merely introduce the quotations, through presentation sentences without any marker of opinion. The main consequence of this style of presentation is that the enunciator of the reports (the COIS) tends to erase itself from the