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The history of relief work is in its infancy. This book draws on new archival research to reveal the priorities of nineteenth-century relief workers, and the legacies of their preoccupations for relief work today. It first explores the inauguration of the British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War (NAS) at the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 under the figurehead of Loyd Lindsay. Then, the book sees the revival of the NAS for work in the Balkans during a period of nationalist violence and Ottoman counter-insurgency which culminated in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878. It also follows the staff of relief committees as they dispensed aid in British colonial wars. The book examines the critiques of British policy in the Boer War (1899-1902) emanating from intersecting circles of Quakers, New Liberals and ethicists, and considers these groups' offer of aid to Boer civilians. Further, the book concentrates on the methodologies of relief for Boer inmates of British concentration camps in South Africa and on the implications of this relief for its intended recipients during and after the war. It concentrates on aid to British soldiers. The book closes by tracing continuities in vocational practices and dispositions to emerging areas of concern in the post-war period, in particular child welfare, and briefly considers their implication for relief work today.
of humanity and its place in British politics and Martti Koskenniemi’s history of nineteenth-century international law. Together, archival sources and these historical monographs provide insight into relief ventures in a series of armed conflicts: in France (1870–71), in the Ottoman Empire (1876–78) and in British colonial wars in the Sudan (1883–84) and South Africa (1899–1902). A brief glance is
change reading habits by attracting new readers and encouraging more public readings of the latest news. 40 Figure 9.7 Comparison of occurrences of the Russo-Japanese War, the Balkan War, and all occurrences linked to British colonial wars (‘Ashanti war/campaign/expedition’; ‘Sudan war/campaign/expedition’; ‘Tirah campaign/expedition’; ‘Benin Expedition’; ‘Matabele War’; ‘Afghan War’; ‘Zulu War’; ‘Burmese war’; ‘Battle
campaign was organised. The battle of Omudurman on 2 September 1898, although few realised it at the time, was to mark the beginning of the end of the golden era for the special artist. For this bloody campaign provided not only an early example of a Concerted attempt to impose efficient military censorship, it also introduced into a British colonial war the agency that was to render the artist virtually
’ (a British colonial war to oppose the Malayan independence movement), and has defined subsequent British and American doctrine. It distinguishes five ‘principles of counter-insurgency’ which identified the political nature of this form of conflict with propaganda as a key component. 1 The government must have a clear political aim: to establish and maintain a free, independent and united country which is politically and economically stable and viable. 2 The government must function in accordance with law. 3 The government must have an overall plan. 4 The government