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chap5 28/5/02 13.32 Page 123 5 Centrumdemocraten Janmaat – right or wrong! At ten o’clock in the morning of 7 November 1984 four people walked into a notary office in The Hague. Eleven minutes later they left again, having created the Centrumdemocraten (Centre Democrats, CD). Three of the founders were former (low-key) members of the CP. The same evening the party gained two more members, yet it would take four weeks before the seventh member, Hans Janmaat, would join the party. On 5 December 1984 Janmaat announced his new affiliation to the chairman of the
This book provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the five main parties of the extreme right in the Netherlands (Centrumdemocraten, Centrumpartij), Belgium (Vlaams Blok), and Germany (Die Republikaner, Deutsche Volksunion). Using primary research — including internal party documents — it concludes that rather than right-wing and extremist, the core ideology of these parties is xenophobic nationalist, including also a mix of law and order and welfare chauvinism. The author's research and conclusions have broader implications for the study of the extreme-right phenomenon and party ideology in general.
, alongside the successful parties mentioned above, there are a number of other parties that have experienced relative electoral failure. The German parties of the extreme right, for example, have remained electorally unsuccessful over this period. Even at their peak in 1990, the Republikaner only managed to secure 2.1 percent of the national vote. In the Netherlands, too, the extreme right has remained marginalized. The Centrumdemocraten (CD) polled only 2.5 percent of the vote at their height in 1994. In Greece, in Portugal and in Spain the parties of the extreme right
JONS) Spain Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista – sector Diego Marquez (FE de las JONS sector DM) Spain Falange Española Independiente (FEI) Spain Lega dei Ticinesi (LdT) Switzerland [Agir Belgium (Wallonia)] [Parti des Forces Nouvelles (PFNb) Belgium (Wallonia)] [Centrumdemocraten (CD) Netherlands] [Centrumpartij (CP) Netherlands] [Centrumpartij’86 (CP’86) Netherlands] [Nederlandse Volksunie (NVU) Netherlands] [Det Nya Partiet (DNP) Sweden] [Ethniki Politiki Enosis (EPEN) Greece] [Komma Proodeftikon (KP) Greece] [Movimento Sociale
. The fact that German extreme right parties (not only the REP) are studied so intensively shows that electoral significance is not the only or even main reason for scholarly attention. Even though they have had some electoral success at the Land (state) level and once at the European level, the German parties are of mediocre size at the national level in comparison to many of their European counterparts. Still, the REP has been studied by both German and non-German scholars more than, for instance, the almost equally successful Dutch Centrumdemocraten (Centre
’s parliamentary leader in 1994, but he was also elected party president in the same year. In addition, he was in charge of the party’s research office and was secretary of the regional branch of The Hague. Janmaat also extended his control within the party by making sure that all those in a Table 3.2 Weakly organized, poorly led but united right-wing extremist parties Party Country Deutsche Volksunion (DVU) Freiheitspartei der Schweiz (FPS) Schweizer Demokraten (SD) Germany Switzerland Switzerland [Centrumdemocraten (CD)] [Frente Nacional] [Fuerza Nueva] Netherlands Spain